It is an alkaloid obtained from the seeds and leaves of the Solanaceae plant Henneyus hiosi, as well as the seeds of Datura stramonium and Datura stramonium, and is also known as hyoscine. It exists together with hyoscyamine and is listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia as scopolamine hydrobromide hydrate. It is a parasympathetic nerve blocking agent, whose action is generally faster than atropine and is eliminated quickly. It is used in combination with narcotics as an antispasmodic. Representative examples include opium alkaloid scopolamine injection and weak opium alkaloid scopolamine injection. It is also used as a preanesthetic agent, and is indicated for idiopathic and postencephalitic parkinsonism. In addition to scopolamine hydrobromide hydrate injections, its derivatives butylscopolamine bromide (tablets, injections, suppositories) and N-methylscopolamine methylsulfate (tablets) are also commonly used to relieve spasmodic pain caused by gastric and duodenal ulcers. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ナス科の植物のヒヨスの種子や葉、ヨウシュチョウセンアサガオ、シロバナチョウセンアサガオの種子などから得られるアルカロイドの一つで、ヒヨスチンhyoscineともよばれる。 ヒヨスチアミンとともに存在し、日本薬局方にはスコポラミン臭化水素酸塩水和物として収載されている。副交感神経遮断薬で、その作用は一般的にアトロピンより速く、消失も速い。鎮けい剤として麻薬と併用して用いられる。代表的なものにアヘンアルカロイドスコポラミン注射液、弱アヘンアルカロイドスコポラミン注射液がある。麻酔前投与薬としても用いられ、また、特発性および脳炎後パーキンソニズムを適応とする。 また、スコポラミン臭化水素酸塩水和物の注射液のほか、誘導体であるブチルスコポラミン臭化物(錠剤、注射液、坐薬(ざやく))、メチル硫酸N‐メチルスコポラミン(錠剤)が、それぞれ胃・十二指腸潰瘍(かいよう)などのけいれん性疼痛(とうつう)の緩和に繁用されている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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