In 1925, John T. Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, USA, was accused of teaching Charles R. Darwin's theory of evolution, and the trial became a hot topic. It is also called the Monkey Trial because of the issue at stake. In March 1925, the Tennessee state legislature made it illegal to teach theories that denied the Bible's theory of creation. This trial, which was expected to be a confrontation between fundamentalism, which interprets the Bible literally, and liberal interpretations, attracted worldwide attention. William J. Bryan represented the prosecution, and Clarence Darrow represented the defense. The judge refrained from examining the constitutionality of Tennessee's law or discussing the legitimacy of the theory of evolution, and limited the trial to the issue of whether Scopes had taught the theory of evolution. There was no doubt that Scopes had taught the theory of evolution, so he was found guilty and fined $100. On appeal, the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the 1925 Tennessee law but acquitted Scopes on the grounds that he had been excessively fined. The law was repealed in 1967. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1925年アメリカ合衆国テネシー州デートンの高校教師ジョン・T.スコープスが,チャールズ・R.ダーウィンの進化論を教えたかどで告発され,大きな話題となった裁判。その争点からモンキー裁判とも呼ばれる。1925年3月,テネシー州議会は,聖書の天地創造説を否定する理論を教えることを違法とした。聖書を字義どおりに解釈するファンダメンタリズムと自由主義的解釈の対立が予想されるこの裁判に,世界の注目が集まった。ウィリアム・J.ブライアンが検察側の代表を,クラレンス・ダローが弁護側の代表を務めた。裁判官は,テネシー州法の合憲性の検証や進化論の正当性に関する議論を控え,スコープスが進化論を教えたかどうかという論点のみに審理を限定した。スコープスが進化論を教えたことに疑いの余地はないとして,有罪判決が下され罰金 100ドルが科された。控訴審で,テネシー州最高裁判所は 1925年のテネシー州法の合憲性を支持したが,過大な罰金を科せられたとの理由でスコープスは無罪となった。この州法は 1967年に廃止された。
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