Aketoaten - Aketoaten

Japanese: アケトアテン - あけとあてん

…The site of the capital of the 18th Dynasty reformer Akhenaten, located on the east bank of the Nile in central Egypt. Its ancient Egyptian name was Aket-Aten (meaning "Horizon of Aten"), and its current official name is Al-'Amārna, also known as Tell al-'Amārna. It was decided to build it in the fourth year of the king's reign to realize the reforms, and it was moved from Thebes between the sixth and eighth years, and it was the capital for only about 15 years until it was abandoned in the fourth year of the reign of the next king, Tutankhamun. However, since it was built on virgin land based on a city plan and was later almost completely destroyed and abandoned as a heretical city, the foundations of the ruins are well preserved, and it is important as one of the few ruins in ancient Egypt where the city plan can be known. …

From Akhenaten

...He then carried out a religious reform that made Aten the only god and banned the worship of Amun and other traditional gods. He changed the king's name from Amenhotep (meaning "Amun is satisfied") to Akhenaten (meaning "useful to Aten"), and in order to thoroughly implement the reforms, he moved the capital from Amun's city of Thebes to a new capital, Akhetaten, built in present-day Amarna. Since the king (pharaoh) of ancient Egypt was the supreme leader in politics and religion, the purpose of the reforms was religious reform as well as political reform, that is, to eliminate the priesthood of Amun, which had grown into a force opposing the royal authority, and to ensure the unification of the royal authority.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Akhetaten" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…エジプト中部のナイル東岸にある古代エジプト第18王朝の宗教改革王イクナートンの都址。古代エジプト名アケトアテンAket‐Aten(〈アテンの地平線〉の意)，現在の正式名はエルアマルナAl‐‘Amārnaで，テル･エルアマルナTell al‐‘Amārnaともよばれる。改革の実現のため王の治世第4年に造営が決定され，第6～第8年の間にテーベより遷都してから，次王ツタンカーメンの治世第4年に放棄されるまでわずか15年ほどの都であったが，都市計画にもとづいて処女地に建設され，のち異端の都としてほぼ完全に破壊放棄されたため，遺構の基礎部分の保存がよく，都市のプランを知りうる古代エジプトでは数少ない遺跡の一つとして重要である。…

【イクナートン】より

…やがてアテンを唯一の神とし，アメン以下伝統的な神々の信仰を禁止する〈宗教改革〉を断行。王名をアメンヘテプ(〈アメンは満足する〉の意)からイクナートン(〈アテンに有用〉の意)へ改め，改革の徹底のためアメンの町テーベから現在のアマルナに建設した新都アケトアテンへ遷都する。古代エジプトの王(ファラオ)は政治･宗教の最高指導者であるから，改革の目的は宗教改革であると同時に政治改革，すなわち王権に対抗する勢力に成長したアメン神官団を抹殺し，王権の一元支配を貫徹することにあった。…

※「アケトアテン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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