Calcium hydroxide - Suisankasuumu (English spelling) calcium hydroxide

Japanese: 水酸化カルシウム - すいさんかかるしうむ(英語表記)calcium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide - Suisankasuumu (English spelling) calcium hydroxide

A hydroxide of calcium. Also known as slaked lime. It is obtained by reacting calcium oxide (quicklime) with water or steam (slaked lime). The product that is rapidly produced is a white powder, but if left in water it changes to hexagonal plate crystals. When heated to 580°C, it decomposes, releasing steam, and returns to calcium oxide.

Ca(OH) 2 →CaO+ H2O
It is only slightly soluble in water, and its solubility decreases as temperature rises. Its aqueous solution is called lime water, and is strongly alkaline. In industry, it is often used in the form of a suspension, called milk of lime. In its solid or solution state, it absorbs carbon dioxide and turns into calcium carbonate, which is insoluble in water.

Ca(OH) 2 +CO 2 →CaCO 3 +H 2 O
It also absorbs chlorine to produce calcium hypochlorite (the main component of high-grade bleaching powder).

Calcium hydroxide is an inexpensive, strong alkaline substance, and is used as an agent for treating acidic waste, a neutralizer for acidic soil, a disinfectant, etc. In the chemical industry, it is used as a raw material for bleaching powder, is widely used as an alkali for reactions, and is also important in the construction industry as a material for mortar and plaster.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Material] | Calcium hydroxide (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カルシウムの水酸化物。消石灰ともいう。酸化カルシウム(生石灰)に水または水蒸気を作用させると得られる(生石灰の消和)。急速に生成したものは白色粉末であるが、水中に放置すると六方晶系の板状晶に変わる。加熱すると580℃で水蒸気を出して分解し、酸化カルシウムに戻る。

  Ca(OH)2→CaO+H2O
 水にわずかしか溶けず、しかも温度が上昇すると溶解度はかえって減少する。水溶液は石灰水とよばれ、強いアルカリ性を示す。工業的には懸濁液の形で使われることが多く、これは石灰乳とよばれる。固体または溶液の状態で二酸化炭素を吸収し、水に不溶性の炭酸カルシウムに変わる。

  Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O
 また、塩素を吸収して次亜塩素酸カルシウム(高度さらし粉の主成分)を生成する。

 水酸化カルシウムは安価な強アルカリ物質なので、酸性廃棄物の処理剤、酸性土壌の中和剤、消毒剤などとして用いられる。化学工業ではさらし粉の原料となるほか、反応用アルカリとして広く利用され、建築分野でもモルタル、漆食(しっくい)の材料として重要である。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 水酸化カルシウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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