Emperor Gofushimi

Japanese: 後伏見天皇 - ごふしみてんのう

Year of death: Kenmu 3/Engen 1.4.6 (1336.5.17)
Year of birth: 1288.4.5 (Shoō 1.3.3)
An emperor of the Jimyoin lineage during the late Kamakura period and the Nanboku-cho period. His given name was Tanehito. His father was Emperor Fushimi. His mother was Tsuneshi, the daughter of councilor Fujiwara Tsuneuji. In August 1288, he was proclaimed prince. In April of the following year, he became Crown Prince through the mediation of the Kamakura shogunate. In July 1298, he succeeded his father, Emperor Fushimi, and at the same time, the retired Emperor Fushimi began his cloistered rule, but the Daikakuji lineage influenced the shogunate to have the emperor abdicate in January 1301 and install Emperor Go-Nijō. Emperor Go-Nijō's reign lasted only two and a half years, leaving the Jimyoin lineage dissatisfied. After Emperor Go-Nijō died young in August 1308, Crown Prince Tomibito (Go-Fushimi's younger brother) ascended to the throne and became Emperor Hanazono, and the retired Emperor Fushimi resumed his cloistered rule. In October 1313, Emperor Fushimi became a monk and the cloistered rule of Emperor Go-Fushimi began, but in February 1318, Emperor Hanazono was forced to abdicate and Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line ascended to the throne, bringing an end to the cloistered rule of Emperor Go-Fushimi. When Emperor Go-Daigo's uprising to overthrow the shogunate failed and Emperor Kogon (Go-Fushimi's son) rose to power in September 1331 with the support of the shogunate, Emperor Go-Fushimi resumed the cloistered rule, but it was abolished with the fall of the shogunate in May 1332. He was forced into seclusion under the Kenmu government presided over by Emperor Go-Daigo, but there was also a moment when nobles connected to the Jimyoin line, such as Saionji Kinmune, who supported Go-Fushimi, plotted a coup d'état. The Kenmu government soon collapsed due to the withdrawal of Ashikaga Takauji, and in August 1336 (Kenmu 3/Engen 1), Takauji supported Emperor Komyo and established the Northern Court to oppose Go-Daigo, but Emperor Go-Fushimi had died four months earlier.

(Mori Shigeruaki)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：建武3/延元1.4.6(1336.5.17)
生年：正応1.3.3(1288.4.5)
鎌倉時代後期・南北朝時代の持明院統の天皇。諱は胤仁。父は伏見天皇。母は参議藤原経氏の娘経子。正応1(1288)年8月親王宣下。翌年4月鎌倉幕府の斡旋により立坊(東宮となること)。永仁6(1298)年7月,父伏見天皇のあとを受けて践祚,同時に伏見上皇による院政が始まるが,大覚寺統は幕府を動かし正安3(1301)年1月同天皇を退位させ後二条天皇を立てた。後伏見天皇の在位はわずか2年半にすぎず,持明院統に不満を残した。延慶1(1308)年8月後二条天皇が早世すると,皇太子富仁親王(後伏見の弟)が践祚して花園天皇となり,伏見上皇の院政が再開。正和2(1313)年10月伏見上皇の出家に伴い後伏見上皇の院政が始まるが,文保2(1318)年2月花園天皇が退位に追い込まれて,大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇が践祚したため同上皇の院政も終わる。後醍醐天皇による討幕の挙兵が失敗し,元徳3/元弘1(1331)年9月幕府に支えられて光厳天皇(後伏見の皇子)が立つと,後伏見上皇は再度院政を始めたが,正慶2/元弘3年5月幕府滅亡とともに廃止された。後醍醐天皇が主宰する建武政府下では逼塞を余儀なくされたが,後伏見をあおぐ西園寺公宗ら持明院統ゆかりの公家たちがクーデタを企てるひとこまもあった。建武政府は足利尊氏の離脱によってまもなく崩壊,尊氏は建武3/延元1(1336)年8月後醍醐に対抗するために光明天皇を擁立し北朝を立てるが,後伏見上皇はその4カ月前に没していた。

(森茂暁)

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