International Press Institute

An international organization established in 1951 with the aim of contributing to international understanding and peace through the protection of press freedom, the promotion of news exchanges between countries, and the improvement of professional standards. Abbreviated as IPI. In the 1930s, the press was suppressed during the totalitarian tendencies, and after World War II, freedom of speech was not extended in communist countries. Lester Markel of The New York Times called for the organization to be founded, and Honda Chikao of The Mainichi Shimbun participated in its establishment from Japan. Members were those responsible for editorial policy in newspapers and magazines that protect freedom of speech, but later broadcasters also joined. In addition, it began to accept bureau chiefs and correspondents as members. In addition to conducting research on news exchanges, protesting against suppression, and publishing the quarterly newsletter IPI Global Journalist , it has held annual general meetings and bilateral seminars, and implemented a journalist training program for Asia and Africa. Japan-Korea and Japan-U.S. editors' conferences were also started through IPI's mediation. The organization has about 2,000 members in 126 countries (as of 2011). It established a sister organization, SEEMO (South East European Media Organization), to monitor media freedom in South East Europe. Its headquarters are in Vienna.

[Hisao Komatsubara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

プレス（報道）の自由の擁護、諸国間のニュースの交流促進、職業水準の向上を通じ、国際理解と平和に寄与することを目的として、1951年設立された国際団体。略称IPI。1930年代の全体主義的傾向のなかでプレスが弾圧され、第二次世界大戦後、共産圏諸国などで言論の自由が拡張されない状況を踏まえて、『ニューヨーク・タイムズ』のレスター・マーケルの呼びかけで創設されたもので、日本からは『毎日新聞』の本田親男(ちかお)が設立に参加した。言論の自由を守る新聞、雑誌で編集方針に責任をもつ人物を会員としたが、のちに放送人も参加している。また、支局長、特派員などの加盟も認めるようになった。ニュース交流などの調査、弾圧への抗議、会報『IPI Global Journalist』（季刊）を発行するほか、年次総会や2国間セミナーの開催、アジア、アフリカのジャーナリスト訓練計画を実施してきた。日韓、日米の編集者会議もIPIの斡旋(あっせん)で始まった。会員は126か国に約2000人（2011）。南東ヨーロッパのメディアの自由を監視するため、姉妹組織SEEMO（South East European Media Organization）を設立。本部はウィーン。

［小松原久夫］

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