German philosopher and sociologist. Born in Berlin to converted Jewish parents, he studied philosophy, history, art history, and ethnic psychology at a university there. He qualified as a professor in 1885, but was finally appointed an associate professor in 1901, a position he held for many years. He also achieved a full professorship at the University of Strasbourg only four years before his death there, leading an unfortunate life as a researcher. He is often mentioned alongside Nietzsche, Bergson, and Dilthey as a philosopher of life, but in opposition to the existing intellectualist, rationalist, and mechanistic worldview, he developed his own metaphysics of life, which seeks to understand living life from the perspective of life itself. Life is "more than life" (Mehr-Leben), which includes flowing life and crystalline life as essentially equal, and therefore "more than life" (Mehr-als-Leben), and its essence is "Immanenz der Transzendenz" (transcendental immanence). His diverse philosophical research on art and history is permeated with this fundamental viewpoint. He also became the founder of formal sociology, which aims to systematize the form of socialization from a relativistic standpoint. In his later years, he is said to have been influenced by mysticism, especially Eckhart, and neo-romanticism, but a comprehensive study of him, including these, will have to wait for the future. His major works include "Problems in the Philosophy of History" (1892), "Fundamental Problems of Philosophy" (1910), and "View of Life" (1918). [Odagawa Yoko] "The Collected Works of Simmel, translated by Keizo Ikumatsu, Gen Kida, et al., 12 volumes (1975-1981/Newly reprinted edition, 2004, Hakusuisha)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの哲学者、社会学者。改宗したユダヤ人を両親として、ベルリンに生まれる。同地の大学で哲学、歴史、美術史、民族心理学などを学ぶ。1885年に教授資格を得るが、1901年ようやく員外教授に任命され、以後長くその地位にとどまった。またストラスブール大学に正教授の席を得たのは、同地で没するわずか4年前であり、不遇の研究生活を送った。 生の哲学者として、ニーチェ、ベルクソン、ディルタイらと並び称されるが、既存の主知主義的、理性主義的、機械論的世界観に対し、生きた生を生自身から了解しようと独自の生の形而上(けいじじょう)学を展開した。生は、流動する生と結晶体の生とを本質的に対等のものとして含む「より以上の生」Mehr-Lebenであり、またそのために「生より以上のもの」Mehr-als-Lebenであり、「超越の内在」Immanenz der Transzendenzを本質とする。芸術や歴史についての彼の多様な哲学的研究は、この根本見地に貫かれている。また相対主義的な立場から、社会化の形式の体系化を目ざす形式社会学の創始者となった。後期には神秘主義、ことにエックハルト、それに新ロマン派の影響があるといわれるが、それも含めて、彼の包括的研究は今後にまたなければならない。主著に『歴史哲学の諸問題』(1892)、『哲学の根本問題』(1910)、『人生観』(1918)がある。 [小田川方子] 『生松敬三・木田元他訳『ジンメル著作集』全12巻(1975~1981/新装復刊版・2004・白水社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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