A city in southwestern Morocco, in northern Africa. 238 km south of Casablanca. It is located in the Haouz plain at the northern foot of the Atlas Mountains. Population 745,541 (1994), city area population 978,045 (2014 estimate). It is an oasis city in the center of the southern part of the country, and is a thriving commercial center for agricultural products connecting the mountains and the plains. It also has traditional crafts such as leather manufacturing and textiles, and modern industries such as cement and food processing. It has a long history, having been founded in 1062 as the capital of the Almoravid dynasty, the first unified kingdom of the Maghreb by the Berbers. It also flourished as a capital under the Almohad dynasty, which overthrew them in the 12th century. It has often been the residence of the royal family since then, and played a role as a center of Islamic culture and academics in the Maghreb region. It was also the former northern base of the caravan route across the Sahara Desert. The old town of Medina, surrounded by red walls unique to this region, contains the old royal palace, mausoleums, mosques, madrasahs, markets, artisan streets, and Jemaa el-Fna Square. This area was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1985 (World Heritage Site). The new town of Guélize, built by the French, is located to the west of it. It is warm even in winter and has become an international tourist destination. [Hiroshi Fujii] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ北部、モロッコ南西部の都市。カサブランカの南238キロメートル。アトラス山脈北麓(ほくろく)のハウズ平野に位置する。人口74万5541(1994)、市域の人口97万8045(2014推計)。同国南部の中心となるオアシス都市で、山地と平野を結ぶ農産物の集散地として商業活動が盛んである。皮製品製造、織物の伝統工芸やセメント、食品加工の近代工業もある。歴史は古く、1062年ベルベル人による最初のマグレブ統一王国ムラービト朝の首都として建設された。12世紀にこれを滅ぼしたムワッヒド朝下でも首都として栄えた。その後も王家の居住地となることが多く、マグレブ地方におけるイスラム文化・学術の中心地の役割を果たした。またサハラ砂漠を横断する隊商路のかつての北の基点であった。この地域特有の赤い城壁で囲まれた旧市街メディナには古い王宮、廟墓(びょうぼ)、モスク、神学校(マドラサ)、市場(スーク)、職人街、ジェマ・エル・フナ広場などがある。この地域は1985年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。フランス人のつくった新市街ゲリーズはその西にある。冬でも暖かく、国際的な観光地になっている。 [藤井宏志] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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