Shincho group

The Roshigumi was organized by the shogunate. When the Sonno Joi (revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians) movement gained momentum at the end of the Edo period, the shogunate, which was struggling to control the roshi, organized a group of roshi under the shogunate vassal Yamaoka Tetsutaro in December 1862 (Bunkyu 2) at the suggestion of Kiyokawa Hachiro. This group of roshi was ordered to guard the shogun Tokugawa Iemochi's visit to Kyoto in February of the following year, and they went to Kyoto, camping in Mibu Village near Kyoto. However, as Kiyokawa Hachiro and others took action to put into practice the Sonno Joi (revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians), the shogunate sent Hachiro and over 200 others back to Edo under the pretext of carrying out the expulsion of the barbarians in Yokohama. Kondo Isami and others who remained in Kyoto at this time formed the Shinsengumi, while the remaining roshi in Edo after Hachiro's assassination formed the Shinchogumi. It was placed under the control of Sakai Tadasumi, the lord of the Shonai domain, and was responsible for policing the city of Edo and suppressing the Sonno Joi and anti-shogunate movement.

[Takagi Shunsuke]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕府が組織した浪士組。幕末に尊攘(そんじょう)運動が高揚すると、浪士取締りに苦慮した幕府は、1862年（文久2）12月、清河八郎の建策をいれて幕臣山岡鉄太郎の下に浪士を編成した。この浪士組は翌年2月に将軍徳川家茂(いえもち)上洛(じょうらく)の警衛を命ぜられて上洛し、京都近郊壬生(みぶ)村に滞陣した。しかし、清河八郎らが尊王攘夷実践に向けて行動したので、幕府は横浜での攘夷実行を名目として八郎以下200余人を江戸に帰した。このとき京都に残留した近藤勇(いさみ)らは新選組をつくり、他方江戸で八郎暗殺後に残った浪士を編成したのが新徴組である。庄内(しょうない)藩主酒井忠篤(ただすみ)の支配下に置かれ、江戸市中取締りと尊攘討幕運動の弾圧にあたった。

［高木俊輔］

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