A battle between Christians and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula in the late Middle Ages. In Spanish, it is called the Reconquista (reconquest). The Iberian Peninsula had been under Muslim control since the beginning of the 8th century, and Christians only occupied a small area in the northwest corner of the peninsula. Later, they created small kingdoms such as Asturias, Navarre, and Catalonia, and began to expand their influence southward. In the first half of the 11th century, the Umayyad Caliphate collapsed (1031), and the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon (United Kingdom of Aragon) were established and gradually became stronger. In the 12th century, Christians conquered Toledo, Zaragoza, Lisbon, and other cities, gaining the upper hand. In the 13th century, Castile took the important Islamic strongholds of Cordoba and Seville, and in the latter half of the same century, Muslims were isolated in Granada in the southern part of the peninsula. The Reconquista ended with the occupation of Granada in 1492. This war, which lasted for 800 years, was the central focus of the history of the medieval Iberian Peninsula, and it cast a large shadow over the modern history of both Spain and Portugal, and in many ways was a factor in the formation of a unique society and culture that differed from other Western European countries. Related topics: Asturias | Alfonso (X) | Isabella (I) | Knights of the Order | Sancho Garces (III) | Tatvan | Tomar | Nasrid Dynasty | Kingdom of Navarre | Ferdinand (II) | Burgos | Marrano | Kingdom of Leon | Song of My Cid Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
中世後期のイベリア半島におけるキリスト教徒とイスラム教徒との戦い。スペイン語ではレコンキスタreconquista(再征服)と呼ぶ。イベリア半島は8世紀初め以来イスラム教徒の支配下に入り,キリスト教徒はわずかに半島北西隅を占めるにすぎなかったが,のちアストゥリアス,ナバラ,カタルーニャなどの小王国をつくり,南方に勢力を伸ばし始めた。11世紀前半になると後ウマイヤ朝が崩壊(1031年),またカスティリャ王国とアラゴン王国(アラゴン連合王国)が成立,しだいに強大となり,12世紀にはトレド,サラゴサ,リスボンなどをキリスト教徒が征服して優位に立った。13世紀にカスティリャはイスラムの重要拠点コルドバ,セビリアを奪い,同世紀後半には,イスラム教徒は半島南部のグラナダに孤立。1492年グラナダ占領でレコンキスタは終了した。800年にもおよぶこの戦争は中世イベリア半島史の主軸であり,以後のスペイン,ポルトガル両国の近代史にも大きな影を投げかけ,その多くの点で他の西欧諸国と異なる独自の社会と文化を形成する要因ともなった。 →関連項目アストゥリアス|アルフォンソ[10世]|イサベル[1世]|騎士修道会|サンチョ・ガルセス[3世]|タトワン|トマール|ナスル朝|ナバラ王国|フェルナンド[2世]|ブルゴス|マラーノ|レオン王国|わがシッドの歌 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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