Shincho - Shincho

A monthly literary magazine. First published in May 1904 (Meiji 37). Published by Shinchosha. After failing in the management of the magazine Shinsei (first published in 1896), Sato Gyosuke (Tachibana Kikko, 1878-1951) established Shinchosha and launched it during the Russo-Japanese War. Initially, it inherited the character of a letter magazine from Shinsei, and in addition to the same contributors as Shinsei, such as Sato Koroku (haiku selector), Kaneko Kunen (tanka selector), Takasu Yoshijiro (Baikei, 1880-1948), and Taguchi Kikutei, Oguri Fuyo, Tokuda Shusei, Mayama Seika, and Ikuta Choko were also active. Especially after Seika's novel Minamikoizumimura (1908) and the memorial issue for Kunikida Doppo (July 1909) edited by Nakamura Murao were highly praised, the magazine came to be seen as one of the leading literary magazines, and further showed its editorial prowess with its harsh literary critiques Sweet and Bitter Words, Gettan (people critiques), special features on authors, and introductions to overseas literary trends. During the Taisho period, Nakamura Murao was the central editor, and the magazine not only kept an eye on literary masters but also on new-age writers such as the Shirakaba school, and published Shiga Naoya's A Good Couple, Arishima Takeo's To the Little Ones, and Akutagawa Ryunosuke's In a Bush. Other writers of novels and critiques included Iwano Homei, Satomi Ton, Chikamatsu Shuko, Tamura Toshiko, Hirotsu Kazuo, and Watsuji Tetsuro. The anonymous commentary column "Dissonance" and the roundtable discussion-style "Joint Review of Creations" by Kubota Mantaro, Tokuda Shusei, and Kikuchi Kan attracted much attention, and the magazine eventually came to dominate literary magazines. In the Showa era, when proletarian literature was in its heyday, the magazine often devoted pages to the Shinkankakuha and Shinko Geijutsuha movements, but based on the belief of its editor, Narasaki Tsutomu (1901-78), that the magazine was a "public instrument of the literary world," it was not biased towards any particular party and published works by Kawabata Yasunari, Yokomitsu Riichi, Kamura Isota, Kobayashi Hideo, Hori Tatsuo, Miyajima Masukeo, Dazai Osamu, and Takami Jun, among others.

It ceased publication in March 1945 at the end of the Pacific War, but was relaunched in November of the same year after the war with Saito Juichi (1914-2000) as editor-in-chief and Kawamori Yoshizo as editorial advisor. His major postwar works include "Jesus in the Ruins" by Ishikawa Jun, "Decadence" by Sakaguchi Ango, "Politics and Literature" by Hirano Ken, "The Setting Sun" by Dazai Osamu, "Various Types of Insects" by Ozaki Kazuo, "Beyond Freedom" by Shiina Rinzo, "Water Sea" by Kawabata Yasunari, "Flowing" by Koda Aya, "Luminous Moss" by Takeda Taijun, "Pear Blossoms" by Nakano Shigeharu, "Flooding" by Ito Sei, "The Belated Youth" by Oe Kenzaburo, "The Temple of the Golden Pavilion" and "The Sea of ​​Fertility" tetralogy by Mishima Yukio, and "Genka" by Umezaki Haruo. The library has published works such as Black Rain by Ibuse Masuji, Mori by Nogami Yaeko, Ryuritan by Yasuoka Shotaro, and critical essays such as Motoori Norinaga by Kobayashi Hideo and Soseki and His Times by Eto Jun. In addition, a diverse range of writers, including Shimao Toshio, Abe Kobo, Kita Morio, Miura Tetsuo, Kono Taeko, Oba Minako, Tsushima Yuko, Tsutsui Yasutaka, Takagi Nobuko, Shimada Masahiko, Murakami Haruki, and Kurumatani Chokitsu, have published excellent works. The library also actively introduces a wide range of contemporary world literature, including translations of The Stranger by Camus and Kafka's Metamorphosis. Since its founding, it has quickly adopted new trends in the literary world while adhering to a sensible editorial policy that is not bound by any one tendency, and its history spanning a century has placed it in an extremely important position in the development of modern and contemporary Japanese literature.

[Natsumi Tanaka]

"Shinchosha Publishing Department, ed., 'Shinchosha Forty Years' (1936, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Shinchosha, ed., and published by Shinchosha, 'Shinchosha Seventy Years' (1966)" ▽ "Doumeki Kyozaburo, 'Shinchosha Eighty Years: A Brief History' (1976)" ▽ "Doumeki Kyozaburo, 'Shinchosha Ninety Years' History' (1986, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Shinchosha, ed., and published by Shinchosha, 'Shinchosha 100 Years: Complete Catalog of Books' and 'Shinchosha 100 Years: Complete Catalog of Books and Index' (1996)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

月刊文芸雑誌。1904年（明治37）5月創刊。新潮社発行。雑誌『新声』（1896創刊）の経営に失敗した佐藤義亮(ぎりょう)（橘香(きっこう)。1878―1951）が、新たに新潮社をおこして日露戦争下に創刊。当初は『新声』の投書雑誌的性格も受け継ぎ、佐藤紅緑(こうろく)（俳句選者）・金子薫園(くんえん)（短歌選者）・高須芳次郎(たかすよしじろう)（梅渓(ばいけい)。1880―1948）・田口掬汀(きくてい)らの『新声』以来の執筆者に加えて、小栗風葉(ふうよう)・徳田秋声・真山青果・生田長江(ちょうこう)らが活躍。とくに青果の小説『南小泉村』（1908）や中村武羅夫(むらお)の編集した国木田独歩(どっぽ)追悼号（1909.7）が高い評価を得たあたりから文壇の有力誌の一つと目されるようになり、さらに辛口の文壇時評「甘言苦語」、人物月旦(げったん)（人物批評）、作家論特集、海外の文芸思潮の紹介などにも編集のさえをみせた。大正期には中村武羅夫が編集の中心となり、文壇の大家だけでなく白樺(しらかば)派など新時代の作家にも目配りを怠らず、志賀直哉(なおや)『好人物の夫婦』、有島武郎(たけお)『小さき者へ』、芥川龍之介(あくたがわりゅうのすけ)『藪(やぶ)の中』などを掲載。そのほかにも岩野泡鳴(ほうめい)・里見弴(とん)・近松秋江(しゅうこう)・田村俊子・広津和郎(かずお)・和辻哲郎らが小説や評論を執筆している。また匿名時評欄「不同調」、久保田万太郎・徳田秋声・菊池寛らによる座談会形式の「創作合評」などが話題をよび、ついに文芸誌の主座を占めるに至った。昭和に入ると、プロレタリア文学盛行のころには新感覚派、新興芸術派に誌面を割くことも多かったが、編集を担当した楢崎勤(ならさきつとむ)（1901―78）の「文壇の公器」という信念のもとに、党派に偏らず、川端康成(やすなり)・横光利一(よこみつりいち)・嘉村礒多(かむらいそた)・小林秀雄・堀辰雄(たつお)・宮嶋資夫(みやじますけお)・太宰治(だざいおさむ)・高見順らの作品を載せている。

　太平洋戦争末期の1945年3月休刊、終戦後の同年11月斎藤十一(じゅういち)（1914―2000）編集長、河盛好蔵(かわもりよしぞう)編集顧問で復刊。戦後のおもな作品には、石川淳(じゅん)『焼跡のイエス』、坂口安吾『堕落論』、平野謙『政治と文学』、太宰治『斜陽』、尾崎一雄『虫のいろいろ』、椎名麟三(しいなりんぞう)『自由の彼方(かなた)で』、川端康成『みづうみ』、幸田文(こうだあや)『流れる』、武田泰淳(たいじゅん)『ひかりごけ』、中野重治(しげはる)『梨(なし)の花』、伊藤整『氾濫(はんらん)』、大江健三郎『遅れてきた青年』、三島由紀夫『金閣寺』『豊饒(ほうじょう)の海』四部作、梅崎春生(うめざきはるお)『幻化(げんか)』、井伏鱒二(いぶせますじ)『黒い雨』、野上弥生子(やえこ)『森』、安岡章太郎『流離譚(りゅうりたん)』、評論では小林秀雄『本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)』、江藤淳(じゅん)『漱石(そうせき)とその時代』などがあり、そのほかにも島尾敏雄・安部公房(こうぼう)・北杜夫(もりお)・三浦哲郎(てつお)・河野多恵子・大庭みな子・津島佑子(ゆうこ)・筒井康隆(つついやすたか)・高樹(たかぎ)のぶ子・島田雅彦(まさひこ)・村上春樹・車谷長吉(くるまたにちょうきつ)など多彩な執筆陣が秀作を発表した。また、カミュ『異邦人』、カフカ『変身』の翻訳などをはじめ、広く世界の現代文学を積極的に紹介している。創刊以来、文壇の新傾向を機敏に取り入れつつも一傾向にとらわれない良識ある編集方針を貫き、1世紀に及ぶその歩みは日本の近代・現代文学の展開のうえできわめて大きな位置を占めている。

［田中夏美］

『新潮社出版部編『新潮社四十年』（1936・新潮社）』▽『新潮社編・刊『新潮社七十年』（1966）』▽『百目鬼恭三郎著『新潮社八十年小史』（1976）』▽『百目鬼恭三郎著『新潮社九十年史』（1986・新潮社）』▽『新潮社編・刊『新潮社100年図書総目録』『新潮社100年図書総目録・索引』（1996）』

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