Enlarged heart

Japanese: 心臓肥大 - しんぞうひだい
Enlarged heart

This condition occurs when the ventricular wall thickens and the heart muscle mass increases. It occurs when the heart is continuously overworked, and is also called cardiac hypertrophy. Although some cases are physiological, as seen in athletes and heavy laborers, most cases are pathological, as seen in conditions such as aortic valve stenosis and pulmonary valve stenosis, which are caused by stenosis of the ventricular outflow tract, and hypertension. It is often accompanied by an expansion of the cardiac cavity (ventricular dilation). In addition to cases that occur as a compensatory change to the increased pressure work (pressure load) of the myocardium, some cases are caused by diseases of the myocardium itself, such as idiopathic cardiomyopathy. In both cases, the number of myocardial fibers does not increase, but rather the myocardial fibers become thicker. Clinically, the presence and extent of hypertrophy can be detected by electrocardiograms, ultrasound echocardiograms, chest X-rays, etc.

[Michitoshi Inoue]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

心室壁の厚さが増し、心筋重量の増加をきたした状態をいい、心臓が持続的に過大な仕事をした場合に生じ、心肥大ともいう。スポーツマンや重労働者にみられる生理的なものもあるが、一般には大動脈弁狭窄(きょうさく)症や肺動脈弁狭窄症など心室流出路の狭窄や高血圧症などにみられる病的なものが多い。また、心内腔(くう)の拡張(心室拡張)を伴うことも少なくない。これら心筋の圧仕事(圧負荷)増大に対する代償性変化として生ずる場合のほか、特発性心筋症など心筋自体の疾患に起因するものもあるが、いずれも心筋線維の数が増すわけではなく、心筋線維が太くなるためと考えられている。臨床的には、肥大の存在およびその程度は心電図、超音波心エコー図、胸部X線などにより知ることができる。

[井上通敏]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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