As a Chinese word, it simply means an image made of metal, stone, or wood, but when viewed as a translation of the Greek word eidōlon (plural eidōla) and the Latin word idolum (plural idola), it takes on a special philosophical and religious meaning. Eidōlon originally meant a figure or image, but in the history of philosophy it was considered an image that somehow intervenes between a human being who perceives and recognizes an object and a real object. According to ancient Greek atomists, recognition is achieved when a small image, eidōra, peels off from an object, flows into the sensory organs, and encounters the atoms of the soul. F. Bacon also called for the removal of idols, which are preconceived errors that hinder the knowledge of the truth, and he counted the idols of the race (preconceptions attached to human nature in general), the idols of the cave (preconceptions attached to individual human beings), the idols of the marketplace (preconceptions attached to words), and the idols of the theater (preconceptions attached to schools and systems). In religion, the belief that God resides in material things (stones, bones, statues, etc.) or that divinity is contained in them and worshiping them is called idolatry (Latin). According to recent folklore studies, idolatry is not the first stage of religion, but rather a degenerate stage, and when one loses the true view of God, one inevitably falls into idolatry. [Keiji Otani] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
漢語としては単に金属、石、木などでできた像を意味するが、ギリシア語エイドーロンeidōlon(複数形エイドーラeidōla)、ラテン語イドルムidolum(複数形イドラidola)の訳語としてみると、哲学的、宗教的に特殊な意味を帯びてくる。エイドーロンはもともと姿、影像などを意味するが、哲学史上、知覚し認識する人間と、実在する対象との間に、なんらかの形で介在する像と考えられた。古代ギリシアの原子論者によれば、対象から小さな像であるエイドーラが剥離(はくり)して感覚器官に流れ込み、魂の原子と出会うことによって、認識は成立する。またF・ベーコンでは、真理の認識を妨げるものとして、先入的謬見(びゅうけん)としてのイドラ(偶像)の除去が要求され、種族のイドラ(人間本性一般に付随した先入主)、洞窟(どうくつ)のイドラ(個々の人間に付随した先入主)、市場のイドラ(ことばに付随した先入主)、劇場のイドラ(学派や体系に付随した先入主)が数えられている。 宗教的には、物質的なもの(石、骨、像その他)に神が宿る、あるいは神性が含まれていると信じ、それを礼拝することを偶像崇拝idolatria(ラテン語)とよぶ。最近の民俗学によれば、偶像崇拝は宗教の第一段階ではなく、むしろその退化したもので、真の神観を失うときに、かならず偶像崇拝に陥るのだといわれる。 [大谷啓治] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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