Anthropomorphic monkeys

Japanese: 真猿類 - しんえんるい(英語表記)anthropoid
Anthropomorphic monkeys

A general term for animals belonging to the suborder Anthropoidea of ​​the order Primates in the class Mammalia. The order Primates is divided into two suborders, the Prosimii and the Anthropoidea, with the latter possessing more intense primate characteristics and demonstrating a more advanced evolutionary stage in all respects than the former. It is made up of three superfamilies, the Capuchin monkeys, the Cercopithecidae, and the Anthropoidea, which are further divided into five families, the Callithricidae, the Cebidae, the Cercopithecidae, the Pongidae, and the Hominidae. The Anthropoidea can also be said to consist of Platyrrhine monkeys and Catarrhini monkeys. The number of teeth of the Capuchin monkeys is greater than that of the Anthropoidea.

The dentition of marmosets is 36 teeth, while the rest have 32 teeth.

whereas in Cercopithecus and Anthropoidea

All species except for the Owl Monkey, a species of Capuchin monkey, are diurnal, and all species except the Orangutan, a species of Ceratopod, form stable unit populations consisting of both sexes. Development of the brain, social behavior, and social structure are major characteristics of this lineage. The oldest ancestor of the Anthropoids is known to be a fossil from the late Eocene of the Tertiary Period, but since fossils with characteristics of the Anthropoidea already appear in the Oligocene, the branching of the three superfamilies must be considered ancient.

[Junichiro Itani]

[References] | Primates

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目真猿亜目に属する動物の総称。霊長目は原猿類Prosimiiと真猿類Anthropoideaの2亜目に分かれるが、後者は霊長目の諸特性をより濃厚にもち、前者よりもあらゆる点で高度な進化段階にあることを示す。オマキザル、オナガザル、ヒトニザル(ヒト)の3上科からなり、さらにマーモセット科Callithricidae、オマキザル科Cebidae、オナガザル科Cercopithecidae、ショウジョウ科Pongidae、ヒト科Hominidaeの5科に分かれる。また、真猿類は、広鼻猿と狭鼻猿からなるということもできる。歯数はオマキザル類が

の36本、それ以外は32本であるが、マーモセット類の歯式が

であるのに対しオナガザル類とヒトニザル類では

である。オマキザル類の1種であるヨザル以外のすべての種は昼行性であり、ショウジョウ科のオランウータン以外のすべての種は両性からなる安定した単位集団をもつ。脳の発達、社会行動や社会構造などの発達は、この系統群に認められる大きな特色である。真猿類のもっとも古い先祖は第三紀始新世後期の化石として知られるが、漸新世にはすでにヒトニザル上科の特性を備えた化石が現れるから、3上科の分岐は古いと考えなければならない。

[伊谷純一郎]

[参照項目] | 霊長類

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