Lilac - Lilac (English spelling)

Japanese: ライラック - らいらっく(英語表記)lilac
Lilac - Lilac (English spelling)

A deciduous shrub or small tree of the Oleaceae family (APG classification: Oleaceae). Its Japanese name is Murasakihashidoi. Lilac is its English name, and in France it is called Lila. It is native to southeastern Europe and is widely cultivated there. It was introduced to Japan in the mid-Meiji period. It grows 3-7 meters tall, with shoots emerging from the base of the plant. The leaves are opposite, broadly ovate or ovate, 5-10 cm long, hairless on both sides, abruptly pointed at the tip, and have no sawtooth edges. In April and May, it produces narrow panicles at the ends of the branches, and many fragrant flowers bloom. The upper part of the corolla opens flat with four lobes, and the lower part is a long, slender tube about 1 cm long. It has two stamens, short filaments, and one pistil. The flower color is usually purple, but there are many varieties with white, red, reddish purple, and blue flowers, and there are also double-flowered varieties. The fruit is a capsule, oblong, about 1.5 cm long, and ripens brown in October, splitting into two.

A sun-loving or moderately sun-loving tree. It grows well in cool, well-drained areas that are moderately moist or slightly dry, but does not grow well in warm areas west of central Honshu. It is often cultivated in cold areas such as Tohoku and Hokkaido, and is designated as the city tree of Sapporo. It is propagated by grafting onto a seedling of iboda or hasidoi, or by layering, division, seedling, or cutting.

[Yoshio Kobayashi July 16, 2021]

Cultural history

There are many species of lilac in China. In the Tang Dynasty's Yao's "Xixi Conghua," it is likened to a lover under the name of "Cing Xiang." In his "Flower Classic," Zhang Yi of the Song Dynasty ranked flowers from one to tenth grade, and listed Cing Xiang as one of the three grades. In Europe, wild species are distributed in the eastern part of the country, but cultivation became popular after Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq (1522-1592) introduced it from Turkey in the mid-16th century. A white-flowered variety was discovered in 1613, and interspecific hybrids were created in France from the late 18th century, leading to improvements. Furthermore, at the beginning of the 20th century, Frank Nicholas Meyer (1875-1918) of the United States Department of Agriculture was dispatched to China to introduce wild species and create a late-flowering variety. In 1890 (Meiji 23), American Sarah Clara Smith (1851-1947) brought it to Sapporo in Hokkaido, where it spread.

[Hiroshi Yuasa July 16, 2021]

lilac
The leaves are broadly ovate or egg-shaped. In April and May, panicles bloom at the ends of the branches, and many flowers bloom. Japanese name: Murasakihashidoi ©Seishohmaru ">

lilac


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

モクセイ科(APG分類:モクセイ科)の落葉低木または小高木。和名はムラサキハシドイ。ライラックは英名で、フランスではリラとよぶ。ヨーロッパ南東部原産で、ヨーロッパでは広く栽培される。日本へは明治中期に渡来した。高さ3~7メートル、根際(ねぎわ)からひこばえが出る。葉は対生し、広卵形または卵形、長さ5~10センチメートル、両面とも毛はなく、先は急にとがり、縁(へり)に鋸歯(きょし)はない。4~5月、枝先に狭い円錐(えんすい)花序をつけ、芳香のある多数の花を開く。花冠は上部が4裂して平開し、下部は長さ約1センチメートルの細長い筒になる。雄しべは2本で花糸は短く、雌しべは1本。花色は紫色が普通であるが、白、赤、赤紫、青色など多くの品種があり、八重咲きもある。果実は蒴果(さくか)で、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形、長さ約1.5センチメートル、10月に褐色に熟して2裂する。

 陽樹または中庸樹。排水のよい適潤またはやや乾燥する冷涼な所でよく育つが、本州中部以西の暖地では生育があまりよくない。東北、北海道など寒地でよく栽培され、札幌では市の木に指定されている。繁殖はイボタまたはハシドイの実生(みしょう)苗を台木にして接木(つぎき)するか、取木、株分け、実生、挿木による。

[小林義雄 2021年7月16日]

文化史

ライラック属は中国に種類が多い。唐の姚(よう)氏の『西渓叢話(せいけいそうわ)』では、丁香(ちょうこう)の名で情客(じょうかく)に例えられている。宋(そう)の張翊(ちょうよく)は『花経(かけい)』で花に一品から10品まで等級をつけたが、丁香を三品の一つとしてあげた。ヨーロッパでは東部に野生種が分布するが、栽培は16世紀の中ごろ、ド・ブスベックOgier Ghiselin de Busbecq(1522―1592)がトルコより導入したのち、盛んになった。1613年に白花がみいだされ、18世紀後半からフランスで種間雑種がつくられ、改良が進んだ。さらに、20世紀の初頭アメリカ農務省のフランク・メイヤーFrank Nicholas Meyer(1875―1918)が中国に派遣され、野生種を導入し、遅咲きがつくりだされた。北海道には1890年(明治23)にアメリカ人のクララ・スミスSarah Clara Smith(1851―1947)が札幌にもたらして、広がった。

[湯浅浩史 2021年7月16日]

ライラック
葉は広卵形または卵形。4~5月、枝先に円錐花序をつけ、多数の花を開く。和名ムラサキハシドイ©Seishohmaru">

ライラック


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