Born: March 6, 1779, Beau, Payerne [Died] March 24, 1869. A soldier, military researcher, and historian from Paris. He first worked in a bank in Paris, but desired military service, and in 1800 was appointed major of the Swiss mercenary battalion. In 1801, he left military service and returned to Paris, where he studied the strategies of Frederick II (the Great) and wrote Traité de grande tactique (later renamed Treatise on Grand Tactics). His work was recognized by General Michel Ney, commander of the French army, and he joined the French army in 1804. In 1805, he was recognized by Napoleon I and appointed colonel of the staff, joining Ney's staff. Later, he came into conflict with Louis-Alexandre Berthier, Napoleon's chief of staff, and decided to retire from French military service. In 1813, he escaped from the French camp and surrendered to the Russian army. In Russia, he was appointed lieutenant general and served on the staff of Alexander I. In 1826 he was promoted to general and became a military advisor to Nicholas I, commanding the Turkish campaign in 1828 and organizing the Russian Military Academy in 1830. He also educated the Crown Prince Alexander II and assisted Nicholas during the Crimean War (1853-56). He spent the last years of his life in Paris, and was an advisor to Napoleon III during his Italian campaign. He also gained early recognition as a tactician. His major works include Principles of Strategy (3 volumes, 1818), History of the Revolutionary Wars (15 volumes, 1820-24), The Life of Napoleon (4 volumes, 1827), and Explanations of the Art of War (1838). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1779.3.6. ボー,ペイエルヌ [没]1869.3.24. パリ スイス出身の軍人,軍事研究家,歴史家。初めパリで銀行に勤めたが,軍務につくことを望み,1800年スイス人傭兵大隊の少佐に就任。 1801年軍務を辞し,パリへ戻り,そこでフリードリヒ2世 (大王)の作戦を研究,『大戦術論』 Traité de grande tactique (のち『大作戦論』と改題) を著述した。その著述をフランス軍司令官であったミシェル・ネー将軍に認められ,1804年フランス軍に勤務。 1805年にはナポレオン1世に認められ参謀大佐に任命され,ネーの幕僚となった。その後,ナポレオン軍の参謀総長ルイ・アレクサンドル・ベルティエと対立,フランスの軍務から退くことを決意し,1813年フランス軍陣地を脱出して,ロシア軍に投降。ロシアでは中将に任じられ,アレクサンドル1世の幕僚に就任。 1826年大将に昇進,ニコライ1世の軍事顧問となり,1828年トルコ戦を指揮,1830年にはロシア軍事アカデミーを組織した。また皇太子アレクサンドル (2世) を教育し,クリミア戦争 (1853~56) に際しても,ニコライを助けた。晩年はもっぱらパリで過ごし,ナポレオン3世のイタリア遠征に際してはその顧問となった。戦術家としても早くから注目された。主著『戦略原論』 Principes de la stratégie (3巻,1818) ,『革命戦争史』 Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de la Révolution (15巻,1820~24) ,『ナポレオン伝』 Vie politique et militaire de Napoléon (4巻,1827) ,『用兵術詳解』 Précis de l'art de la guerre (1838) など。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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