If you observe the position of the Sun in relation to the background stars just before or after sunrise or sunset, you can see that the Sun moves slightly eastward each day among the stars, and returns to its original position in the sky after a year. The path of the Sun's movement on the celestial sphere is a great circle (the largest circle that can be drawn on the celestial sphere) and is called the ecliptic (see ). This movement of the Sun on the celestial sphere reflects the Earth's revolution. The ecliptic lies on a plane, which is the plane of the Earth's orbit. The ecliptic currently passes through the constellations Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Ophiuchus, Capricorn, and Aquarius. The ecliptic intersects with the celestial equator at two points, 180 degrees apart. The point where the Sun crosses the equator from south to north is the vernal equinox (currently in Pisces), and the opposite point is the autumnal equinox (currently in Virgo).Currently, the ecliptic forms an angle of approximately 23 degrees 26 minutes (1 degree = 1/360th of a circumference. A minute is 1/60th of a degree) with the celestial equator (the great circle that is created on the celestial sphere when the Earth's equatorial plane is extended up to the celestial sphere). This is called the ecliptic obliquity. The position of the ecliptic and its obliquity change slightly every year. The points that are 90 degrees north and south of the ecliptic are called the south ecliptic pole and the north ecliptic pole. The south ecliptic pole is in the constellation Tabula, and the north ecliptic pole is in the constellation Draco. [Naoaki Owaki] "The Sun's Interactions: With Plants and Animals" (1998, Amusuku) written and illustrated by Una Jacobs, translated by Tsukahara Mariko [References] | | | | |Zodiacal signs| | |©Takashi Aoki The ecliptic (diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日の出や日没の直前・直後に太陽と背景の星との関係位置を観察すると、太陽が星の間を毎日すこしずつ東へ移動し、1年後にふたたび天の元の位置へ戻ることが見られる。太陽の天球上におけるこの運動径路は大円(天球面上に描くことのできる最大の円)でこれを黄道という( 参照)。天球上の太陽のこの運動は地球公転運動の反映である。黄道は一平面にあり、この平面が地球の軌道面である。黄道は現在、うお、おひつじ、おうし、ふたご、かに、しし、おとめ、てんびん、さそり、へびつかい、いて、やぎ、みずがめの諸星座を通っている。黄道は天の赤道と互いに180度離れた2点で交わる。このうち太陽が赤道の南から北へ横切る点が春分点(現在うお座にある)で、その反対側が秋分点(現在おとめ座にある)である。黄道は現在、天の赤道(地球の赤道面を天球まで延長したときに天球上にできる大円)と約23度26分角(1度=円周の360分の1の角度。分は1度の60分の1の角度)をなす。これを黄道傾斜角という。黄道の位置や黄道傾斜角は毎年微小変化をする。なお、黄道から南北にそれぞれ90度離れた点を黄道の南極、黄道の北極という。黄道の南極はテーブルさん座、黄道の北極はりゅう座にある。 [大脇直明] 『ウナ・ヤーコプス文・絵、塚原真里子訳『太陽のいとなみ――植物、動物とともに』(1998・あむすく)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | |©青木 隆"> 黄道〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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