Superstructure - Überbau (English) German

Japanese: 上部構造 - じょうぶこうぞう(英語表記)Überbau ドイツ語
Superstructure - Überbau (English) German

From the standpoint of historical materialism (Marxist social science), it is a concept that corresponds to the base or the infrastructure. The superstructure is a concept that includes various social institutions and forms of social consciousness that exist as law, politics, religion, philosophy, ideology, etc., but all of these are integrated in the state. It is said that the superstructure is ultimately determined by the base, which is the economic structure of society. However, it is argued that this is not a one-sided relationship of determination, but that the base and the superstructure are in a dialectical relationship. In modern times, the role of the state system as an economic structure under monopoly capitalism has become more important, and the importance of the opportunity for consciousness in social change is said to be important, so a mechanical distinction between the base and the superstructure does not fit the modern form of historical materialism. In this regard, the concept of the "historical bloc" proposed by Antonio Gramsci as an organic unity based on the distinction between the two concepts is noteworthy. In the theoretical history of historical materialism, there have been debates as to whether scientific knowledge, language, formal logic, etc. belong to the superstructure, and if not, what limitations should be placed on the determination of the superstructure by the base, and these debates have not yet been clearly resolved.

[Nobuo Ishii]

[Reference items] | Substructure | Historical materialism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

史的唯物論(マルクス主義社会科学)の立場から、土台ないし下部構造に対応していわれる概念。上部構造とは、さまざまな社会制度、および、法律・政治・宗教・哲学・イデオロギー等として存在する社会的意識諸形態を包含する概念であるが、これらはすべて国家において総括されている。上部構造は、最終的には、社会の経済的構造である土台によって決定されるといわれる。もっとも、これは一方的な決定関係ではなく、土台と上部構造とは弁証法的相互関係にあると主張される。現代では独占資本主義下における経済的構造としての国家制度の役割が比重を高め、また社会変革における意識性の契機の重要性がいわれる状況からしても、土台と上部構造とを機械的に区別することは、史的唯物論の現代的形態にそぐわない。この点では、アントニオ・グラムシが、両概念の区別を踏まえた有機的統一として提起した「歴史的ブロック」概念が注目される。史的唯物論の理論史では、科学的知識・言語・形式論理等が上部構造に属すか否か、属さないとすれば、土台による上部構造の規定にいかなる限定を設けるべきかなどについて論争があり、これらの論争問題は明確な決着がついていない。

[石井伸男]

[参照項目] | 下部構造 | 史的唯物論

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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