gosudarstvennyi sovet (English spelling) gosudarstvennyi sovet

...Due to the strengthening of the Senate's functions, local reforms, and the economic liberalization policy from Elizabeth's time, the Collegia that had existed since Peter I began to disappear, leaving only the Foreign, Army, and Navy. However, the management by the Presidium, which was a characteristic of the Collegia, was changed to a system of decision-making by the Speaker at the end of the 18th century, especially during Paul's time, and Alexander I responded by adopting a system of ministries with ministers as heads. Following this, the Gosudarstvennyi Sovet, a Council of State whose main task was to give final deliberation to bills, was established, and the Senate became a kind of supreme court. This system continued until 1905, but Alexander's reforms were, so to speak, a nibble at Speransky's reform proposal, and the hierarchical representative system of villages, districts, oblasts, and countries that was included in the reform proposal was rejected. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "gosudarstvennyi sovet" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…元老院の機能強化と地方改革，さらにエリザベータ期からの経済自由化政策のため，ピョートル1世以来のコレギアは外務，陸，海の3者を残して消滅に向かったが，コレギアの特徴をなした幹部会での合議による運営も18世紀末，とくにパーベル期に議長の専決制に移り，これを受けてアレクサンドル1世が大臣を責任者とする省の制度を採用した。　これに続いて法案の最終審議を主任務とする国務評議会gosudarstvennyi sovetが設けられ，元老院は一種の最高法廷となる。この体制が1905年まで続くが，この改革はアレクサンドルがスペランスキーの改革案をいわばつまみ食いしたもので，改革案にあった郷･郡･県･国の段階的代議制は拒否された。…

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出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報