Loan for use - syoutaishaku

Japanese: 使用貸借 - しようたいしゃく
Loan for use - syoutaishaku

A contract in which someone borrows something from another person free of charge, uses it for profit, and then returns it. It is a free, unilateral, and necessary contract. It is fundamentally different from a lease, which is also a contract to use and profit from someone else's property, in that it is a free contract. Under modern civil law, where compensation is the rule, a loan for use has little social significance. A loan for use is established when the borrower receives the object from the lender (Civil Code, Article 593). The lender's obligation in a loan for use is to allow the borrower to use and profit from the object. The provisions on the donor's warranty liability (Civil Code, Article 551) apply mutatis mutandis to the lender's liability for warranty (Civil Code, Article 596), and the lender is not liable in principle even if the object has a defect and the borrower suffers damage.

The borrower's right in a loan for use is to enjoy the use and profits of the object (Article 594 of the same law). The borrower is obligated to take care of the object and to bear the usual necessary expenses (Article 595, paragraph 1 of the same law). If the borrower deviates from the scope of the right of use and profits or violates the duty of care, he/she will be liable for damages, but this will be extinguished by the one-year statute of limitations (Article 600 of the same law).

[Takahisa Awaji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

無償で他人の物を借りて、使用収益したのち返還する契約。無償・片務・要物の契約である。同じく他人の物を使用収益する契約である賃貸借とは、無償契約である点で基本的に異なる。有償性が原則の近代市民法の下では使用貸借の社会的意義は小さい。使用貸借は、借り主が貸し主から目的物を受け取ることによって成立する(民法593条)。使用貸借における貸し主の義務は、借り主が目的物を使用収益するのを認容することである。貸し主の担保責任については、贈与者の担保責任の規定(同法551条)が準用され(同法596条)、目的物に瑕疵(かし)があって借り主が損害を被っても、貸し主は原則として責任を負わない。

 使用貸借における借り主の権利は、目的物について使用収益をなすこと(同法594条)である。借り主は目的物を保管する義務を負い、さらに通常の必要費を負担する(同法595条1項)。借り主が使用収益権の範囲を逸脱し、あるいは保管義務に違反した場合には、損害賠償責任を負うが、それは1年の除斥期間によって消滅する(同法600条)。

[淡路剛久]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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