Commercial accounting books - Shogyochobo

Japanese: 商業帳簿 - しょうぎょうちょうぼ
Commercial accounting books - Shogyochobo

A book that merchants are required to prepare for their own accounting under the provisions of the Companies Act. Under the old Commercial Code, this referred to a diary, inventory, and balance sheet, but with the revision of the Commercial Code in 1974, general merchants were required to prepare accounting books and balance sheets, and joint-stock companies and limited liability companies were also required to prepare profit and loss statements. With the enforcement of the Companies Act in May 2006, the limited liability company system was abolished, but joint-stock companies were required to prepare balance sheets, profit and loss statements, statements of changes in shareholders' equity, and individual notes in addition to accounting books. Commercial books are not only useful for merchants to clearly grasp the status of their business assets and profit and loss, but also serve as materials for creditors to judge the creditworthiness of the merchant. Specifically, there are "journal books" that record journal entries using double-entry bookkeeping, "general ledgers" that record each account item, and "auxiliary ledgers" that record each account item in detail. In addition, the business books must be kept for 10 years along with important documents relating to the business. Shareholders holding at least 3/100 of the total voting power of shareholders have the right to inspect the accounting books.

[Yoshito Nakamura]

[Reference] | Accounting books | Merchant | Profit and loss statement | Balance sheet | Ledger

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

商人が自らの会計に関して、会社法の規定により、作成することが義務づけられている帳簿。旧商法においては、日記帳、財産目録、貸借対照表をさしていたが、1974年(昭和49)の商法改正によって、商人一般については会計帳簿と貸借対照表となり、株式会社、有限会社については、これに加えて損益計算書の作成が義務づけられた。2006年(平成18)5月の会社法施行により、有限会社制度は廃止されたが、株式会社については会計帳簿のほかに貸借対照表、損益計算書、株主資本等変動計算書および個別注記表の作成が義務づけられた。商業帳簿は、商人が営業上の財産および損益の状況を明確に把握するのに役だつだけでなく、債権者などがその商人の信用状態を判断する資料ともなる。具体的には、複式簿記による仕訳を記録する「仕訳帳」、各勘定科目の記録である「総勘定元帳」、各勘定科目を詳細に記録した「補助簿」などがある。なお、商業帳簿は事業に関する重要書類とともに10年間は保存しなければならない。また、総株主の議決権の100分の3以上の議決権を有する株主は、会計帳簿を閲覧する権利を有する。

[中村義人]

[参照項目] | 会計帳簿 | 商人 | 損益計算書 | 貸借対照表 | 帳簿

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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