Mesentery

Japanese: 腸間膜 - ちょうかんまく
Mesentery

The double-layered peritoneum fixes the intestine to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum covers the inner wall of the abdominal cavity, and most of the organs in the abdominal cavity are covered by it. The free intestine that runs through the abdominal cavity in a tortuous manner is covered by the peritoneum, which joins on one side to form the two-layered mesentery. This mesentery reaches the posterior abdominal wall and transitions to the posterior abdominal peritoneum. The intestines that have a mesentery include parts of the upper duodenum, the jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and appendix, as well as parts of the uppermost part of the rectum. The widest mesentery is the one that suspends the jejunum and ileum, which is 15 to 25 centimeters long. This is called the small intestinal mesentery, and the part of the small intestinal mesentery that attaches to the posterior abdominal wall is called the root of the small intestinal mesentery. The root of the small intestine mesentery originates from the duodenal jejunal flexure on the left side of the body of the second lumbar vertebra, runs diagonally to the right, and is located in a line to the beginning of the cecum in the right iliac fossa. The blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that are distributed in the intestine run through the mesentery. The mesentery contains a lot of fatty tissue. When the mesentery twists, it can cause blockage of the blood vessels in the mesentery, and necrosis can occur in the intestine within the area where those blood vessels are distributed. The sigmoid colon is a common site for this, and it is more common in elderly men.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

二重層の腹膜からなる膜をいい、腸管を腹腔(ふくくう)後壁に固定している。腹膜は腹腔内壁を覆う膜であるが、腹腔内の大部分の臓器は、この腹膜によって包まれている。腹腔内を迂曲(うきょく)しながら走行している遊離の腸管は、腹膜に包まれるが、その腹膜が腸管の一側であわさって2層からなる腸間膜となる。この腸間膜は後腹壁に達して後腹壁腹膜に移行する。腸間膜を備えている腸管は、十二指腸上部の一部、空腸、回腸、横行結腸、S状結腸、虫垂のほか、直腸最上部の一部である。もっとも幅の広いのは、空腸と回腸とをつり下げている腸間膜で、長さは15~25センチメートルである。これをとくに小腸間膜とよび、小腸間膜で後腹壁につく部分を小腸間膜根とよぶ。小腸間膜根は、第2腰椎(ようつい)体の左側にある十二指腸空腸曲からおこり、右側へ斜めに走り、右腸骨窩(か)の盲腸の始まりの部分までの一線上に位置する。腸管に分布する血管、リンパ管、神経などは、腸間膜の中を走る。腸間膜には脂肪組織が多い。腸間膜が捻転(ねんてん)すると、間膜内の血管の閉塞(へいそく)をきたし、その血管の分布範囲の腸管に壊死(えし)がおこることがある。S状結腸はその好発部位で、老年男性に多い。

[嶋井和世]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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