casiquismo

...General Narváez, a moderate leader who came to power in 1844, promulgated the Constitution the following year in 1845 and implemented a policy of centralization that included the creation of the Guardia Civil (1844), the institution of secondary education, and the establishment of a modern administrative bureaucracy. He also signed a concordat with the Vatican (1851) and endeavored to repair relations with the Roman Catholic Church, which had been rifted during the Progressive era. It was also around this time that the foundations of oligarchy (casiquismo), led by local bosses, were formed, which would later become a major issue in Spanish society. The moderate government, which had been relatively stable since 1844, began to lose its foundations in the 1950s due to internal conflicts. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "casiquismo" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…44年に政権を握った穏健派の領袖ナルバエス将軍は，翌45年，憲法を発布するとともに，治安警察Guardia Civilの創設(1844)をはじめ中等教育の制度化，近代的行政官僚機構の設置などの中央集権化政策を徹底させ，さらに進歩派の時代に亀裂が生じたローマ教皇庁との間にコンコルダートを結び(1851)，関係の修復にも努めた。また，後にスペイン社会の重要問題となる，地方ボスをはじめとする寡頭支配(カシキスモcasiquismo)の基盤が形成されていったのもこの頃である。　44年から比較的安定していた穏健派政権も，50年代になると内部抗争により基盤が揺らぎ始めた。…

※「casiquismo」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報