Ananino Culture - Ananinobunka (English spelling) Ананьино/Anan'ino

A Bronze and early Iron Age culture dating from the 8th to 3rd century BC found in the Volga and Kama river basins in eastern European Russia. It is known for remains of settlements with earthworks and moats, and cremation or burial burial mounds on low mounds. Research began in 1858, and it was named after the village of Ananino where it was excavated.

Their main occupations were farming and animal husbandry, and they also engaged in hunting, fishing and metallurgy. Products made from bones, horns and leather, and kiln pottery show a high level of craftsmanship, and animal designs such as griffins can be seen on copper and bronze decorative plates, and iron weapons and tools. This proves exchanges with the Scythians and Sarmatians of Siberia, southern Russia and the Caucasus, which is why the culture is called the "Finno-Scythian culture." Based on the topographical characteristics of the settlement area, semi-underground pit dwellings and chronological considerations of excavated items, this culture is dated to the collapse of the primitive community society, but the origins of the culture and the tribal affiliation of the people who carried this culture remain unclear.

[Muneo Shimizu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ヨーロッパ・ロシアの東部、ボルガ川やカマ川流域にみられる紀元前8～前3世紀の青銅器および鉄器時代初期の文化。土塁や環濠(かんごう)をもつ集落跡や、低い墳丘の火葬または土葬の墳墓で知られる。1858年に調査を始め、発掘地アナニノ村にちなんで命名された。

　農耕、牧畜をおもな生業とし、狩猟、漁労、冶金(やきん)も営んだ。骨角や皮革の製品、窯陶器類は高い技術水準を示し、また銅や青銅の飾り板、鉄製の武器や利器には、グリフォンなどの動物意匠がみられる。これは、シベリアや南ロシア・カフカスのスキタイやサルマタイとの交流を証明するものであり、「フィン・スキタイ文化」とよばれるゆえんである。集落地の地形学的特徴、半地下式竪穴(たてあな)式住居や出土物の編年学的考察から、この文化は始原共同体社会の崩壊期に比定されるが、文化の起源やこの文化を担った人々の部族的帰属の問題はいまだ不詳である。

［清水睦夫］

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