In 1376, 14 Swabian cities, including Ulm, formed this alliance. Due to financial difficulties, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV imposed high taxes on the imperial cities, which constantly exposed them to the risk of being sold or pawned (imperial collateral). In response, at the suggestion of Ulm, cities such as Constance, Ravensburg, Memmingen, Reutlingen, and Rottweil formed this alliance to protect their independence, and as a result of defeating Count Ulrich of Württemberg near Reutlingen, they succeeded in obtaining a promise from the emperor that they would not sell or pawn their cities. In 1381, they also cooperated with the League of Rhenish Cities, and the Bavarian imperial cities of Regensburg and Nuremberg also joined, resulting in a membership of about 40 cities by 1385, making them a political force that could not be ignored. Emperor Wenzel temporarily gave official recognition to the city alliance, but in 1488 the alliance suffered a major defeat at the hands of the princes in the Battle of Deffingen, and the following year the emperor issued the "Eger Imperial Peace Decree" banning all city alliances. However, Swabian cities continued to form alliances on many occasions, and in 1488, at the request of Emperor Frederick III, 20 Swabian imperial cities formed the "Swabian League" with the "Order of St. Jorgen's Shield," Grand Duke Sigismund of Tyrol, and Count Eberhard V of Württemberg, laying the groundwork for the "Edict of Perpetual Peace" of 1895. [Shosuke Hirajo] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1376年、ウルムほかシュワーベンの14都市が結成した同盟。神聖ローマ皇帝カール4世は財政窮乏を理由に帝国都市に高額の租税を課し、帝国都市は絶えず売却、質入れ(帝国担保)の危険にさらされた。これに対し、ウルムの提唱により、コンスタンツ、ラーフェンスブルク、メミンゲン、ロイトリンゲン、ロットウァイルなどの諸都市が自立性を守るためこの同盟を結び、ウュルテンベルク伯ウルリヒをロイトリンゲン近傍で破った結果、売却、質入れなどを行わない旨の皇帝の確約を取り付けるのに成功した。1381年にはライン都市同盟とも連携し、他方バイエルンの帝国都市レーゲンスブルク、ニュルンベルクも加盟した結果、85年には加盟都市約40に達し、無視できない政治勢力となった。皇帝ウェンツェルは一時都市同盟に正式承認を与えたが、88年都市同盟はデフィンゲンの戦いで諸侯軍に大敗を喫し、翌年皇帝も「エガーの帝国平和令」を発して、いっさいの都市同盟を禁止した。だが、シュワーベン諸都市はその後もしばしば同盟を結び、1488年には、皇帝フリードリヒ3世の要請を受けて、シュワーベンの20帝国都市は、「聖ヨルゲンの盾騎士団」や、チロール大公ジグムント、ウュルテンベルク伯エーベルハルト5世らと「シュワーベン同盟」を結び、1895年の「永久平和令」の前提をつくった。 [平城照介] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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