…Similarly, when a , b , and c are empty sets, the first case AAI , EAO , the second case EAO , AEO , the third case AAI , EAO , and the fourth case AAI , AEO , EAO are invalid. However, traditional logic is understood to have an implicit premise that inferences are always made about things that exist (called the existential import). Therefore, if we add ∃x ( a ( x )), ∃x ( b ( x )), and ∃x ( c ( x )) as premise propositions of the inference, (1) and all of the table are valid. In addition, the syllogisms in (4), (5), and (6) are interpreted as part of tautologies in modern propositional logic. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "existential import" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同様にa,b,cが空集合の場合を検討すると,表のうち第1格AAI,EAO,第2格EAO,AEO,第3格AAI,EAO,第4格AAI,AEO,EAOが不成立であることがわかる。しかし,伝統的論理学においては〈推論は常に存在する事物に関してなされる〉という暗黙の前提(これを〈存在仮定existential import〉と呼ぶ)が存すると解されるから,∃x(a(x)),∃x(b(x)),∃x(c(x))を推論の前提命題として付加すれば,(1)と表のすべてが成立することになる。また,(4),(5),(6)の三段論法は,現代の命題論理におけるトートロジーの一部であると解釈される。… ※「existential import」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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