It is a roughly triangular peninsula that juts out south from the northwestern edge of the Adriatic Sea. Most of it belongs to the Republic of Croatia, with Trieste being the only part of Italy. Its area is about 4,000 square kilometers. It faces the Gulf of Venice to the west and the port of Trieste, and faces the Gulf of Gubeiner to the east and the port of Rijeka. Together with the islands scattered to the south, it is called Istria in English and Italian. The peninsula is mainly composed of limestone and is a plateau with a karst topography. It has a warm and dry climate. Grains, olives, and grapes are cultivated, and Koper (Italian name Capodistria) is famous as a wine producing region. [Mitsui Yoshio] historyStarting with the Roman rule in the 2nd century BC, it was under the rule of various ethnic groups. Slovenes and Croats immigrated in the 6th and 7th centuries, and after that it became a Lombard, Frankish, and German margraviate. From the 13th and 14th centuries onwards, the coast was under the rule of the Venetian Republic, and the inland was under the rule of the House of Habsburg. From 1809 to 1813, it was under the rule of Napoleon as one of the Italian provinces, and then it was incorporated into Austrian territory, but in reality it was under Italian rule. After World War I, it became part of Italy under the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920. After Italy surrendered in 1943 during World War II, the local resistance group declared unification with the former Yugoslavia. After the war, the parts of Italy, except for Trieste, became part of the former Yugoslavia under the Treaty of Paris in 1947. The issue of Trieste's ownership was settled in 1954, and the border issue between the two countries was finally resolved by a treaty in 1975. After Croatia gained independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991, most of the area became part of Croatia. [Yoshihiro Shiba] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アドリア海の北西端に南へ向かって突出するほぼ三角形の半島で、大部分はクロアチア共和国に属し、トリエステのみイタリア領。面積約4000平方キロメートル。西はベネチア湾に臨んでトリエステ港を抱き、東側はグバイネル湾に臨んでリエカ港を抱く。その南方に散在する島々をあわせて、英語およびイタリア語ではイストリアIstriaとよばれる。半島は主として石灰岩からなり、カルスト地形を呈する高原である。気候は温暖でかつ乾燥している。穀物、オリーブ、ブドウが栽培され、コペル(イタリア名カポディストリア)はワインの産地として名高い。 [三井嘉都夫] 歴史紀元前2世紀のローマ支配をはじめとし、さまざまな民族の支配下に置かれた。スロベニア人やクロアチア人が移住したのは6~7世紀であるが、それ以後はランゴバルドやフランクやドイツの辺境伯領となった。13~14世紀以後、海岸部はベネチア共和国、内陸部はハプスブルク家の統治下に置かれた。1809~13年、イタリア諸州の一つとしてナポレオンの支配を受け、その後オーストリアの領土に組み入れられたが、実際にはイタリア人の支配を受けた。第一次世界大戦後、1920年のラパロ条約によりイタリア領となる。第二次世界大戦で43年にイタリアが降伏すると、当地の抵抗組織が旧ユーゴスラビアとの統一を宣言。戦後、47年のパリ講和条約により、トリエステを除く部分が旧ユーゴスラビア領となった。トリエステの帰属問題は54年に決着がつき、両国の国境問題は75年の条約で最終的に解決された。91年クロアチアが旧ユーゴスラビアから独立後は大部分がクロアチア領。 [柴 宜弘] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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