Hammerhead

Japanese: シュモクドリ - しゅもくどり(英語表記)hammerhead
Hammerhead

A bird of the Hamerhead family of the Ciconiiformes class of Aves. Its total length is about 52 cm. Its whole body is chocolate brown, and it has a long tuft of crest on the back of its head. The English name Hammerhead comes from the fact that its beak and crest look like the head of a hammer with its neck as a handle. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and Madagascar. It lives alone in pairs on riverbanks, lakes, marshes, mangrove swamps, and lagoons, and feeds on small fish, frogs, aquatic insects, and small animals. It is semi-nocturnal, and is active during the day, but it often hunts for food in the early morning and evening. It builds a large, spherical nest, 1.2 meters in diameter, on the fork of a tree, mainly made of twigs and mud. This nest has a small entrance on the side. The inside of the nest is divided into several chambers, but it seems that the story that the bird uses each chamber for different purposes is not true. The eggs are white, with 3-6 eggs per clutch, and the incubation period is about 30 days, followed by a brooding period of about 50 days. The chicks are raised exclusively on tadpoles. There is a widespread superstition among the native peoples of Africa that misfortune will befall those who bully this bird. The Hamerkop family consists of only one species, the Hamerkop, and its relatedness is not well understood.

[Hiroyuki Morioka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥綱コウノトリ目シュモクドリ科の鳥。全長約52センチメートル。全身がチョコレート褐色で、後頭に長い房状の冠羽がある。英名のhammerheadは、嘴(くちばし)と冠羽が、頸(くび)を柄(え)としたハンマーの頭のようにみえることに由来する。サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ、アラビア半島南西部、マダガスカル島に分布する。川岸、湖畔、湿地、マングローブ沼、潟湖などに単独かつがいですみ、小魚、カエル、水生の昆虫類や小動物を食べている。習性は半夜行性で、昼間も活動するが、早朝や夕方に餌(えさ)をあさることが多い。木の叉(また)の上に、小枝と泥を主材として、直径1.2メートルに及ぶ大きな球形の巣をつくる。この巣は、小さな出入口が横にある。巣の内部は数室に分かれているが、鳥は各室を使い分けているという話は事実ではないようである。卵は白色で、1腹の卵数は3~6個、抱卵期間は約30日、育雛(いくすう)期間は約50日。雛(ひな)はもっぱらオタマジャクシで育てられるという。アフリカの原住民の間では、この鳥をいじめると不幸に取りつかれるという迷信が広く信じられている。シュモクドリ科はシュモクドリ1種だけからなり、その類縁関係はよくわかっていない。

[森岡弘之]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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