Gustav von Schmoller

Japanese: シュモラー - しゅもらー(英語表記)Gustav von Schmoller
Gustav von Schmoller

German economist and central figure of the later (new) historical school. He studied at the University of Tübingen, and after serving as professor at the University of Halle and the University of Strasbourg, he became professor at the University of Berlin in 1882 (until 1912). In 1873, he founded the Society for Social Policy with A. Wagner and L. Brentano, and played a leading role (president from 1890 onwards). From 1878 onwards, he participated in the editing of Staats-und Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungen (Research Series on State and Social Sciences), and in 1881 he founded the Jahrbuch für Gesetzgebung, Verwaltung und Volkswirtschaft (Annual Report for Legislation, Administration and National Economy), which became the research and publication organ of the later historical school and is often referred to as the Schmoller Annual.

Schmoller established his reputation with Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kleingewerbe im 19. Jahrhundert (1870), and like the earlier (old) school of history, he placed importance on the study of economic history. However, he did not exclude theory as much as one might expect from popular accounts of his famous debates on methodology with C. Menger and on value judgments with M. Weber, nor did he insist on the superiority of ethics over theory and facts in policy discussions. His central argument was that economics should not place too much emphasis on theory alone, but should also seek the assistance of economic history research, psychology, and ethics as auxiliary sciences. His main work was Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre (Elements of National Economics), 2 volumes (1900, 04).

[Tadashi Hayasaka]

"Isaburo Yamada's translation of 'The Principles of National Economics', 2 volumes (1914, 16, Tomiyama Publishing)"

[Reference item] | Social Policy Association

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの経済学者。後期(新)歴史学派の中心的存在。チュービンゲン大学で学び、ハレ大学、シュトラスブルク大学教授を経て、1882年ベルリン大学教授(~1912)。1873年、A・ワーグナー、L・ブレンターノらと社会政策学会を設立し、指導的役割を演じた(1890年以降会長)。1878年以降『国家学・社会科学研究双書』Staats-und Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungenの編集に参加し、また1881年、彼を中心に創刊され、後期歴史学派の研究発表機関となった『立法・行政および国民経済のための年報』Jahrbuch für Gesetzgebung, Verwaltung und Volkswirtschaftは、しばしば『シュモラー年報』と通称される。

 シュモラーは『19世紀ドイツ小工業の歴史』Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kleingewerbe im 19. Jahrhundert(1870)で名声を確立し、前期(旧)歴史学派の人々同様、経済史の研究を重要視したが、有名なC・メンガーとの方法論争や、M・ウェーバーとの価値判断論争の通俗的解説から印象づけられがちなほど理論を排したり、政策論議における倫理の理論や事実に対する優越性を主張したわけではない。経済学は理論のみを偏重することなく、補助科学としての経済史研究や心理学・倫理学の援助をも求めるべきである、というのが彼の中心的主張であったといってよい。主著は『国民経済学原論』Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre2巻(1900、04)。

[早坂 忠]

『山田伊三郎訳『国民経済学原論』全2巻(1914、16・冨山房)』

[参照項目] | 社会政策学会

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