This experiment, conducted jointly by O. Stern and W. Gerlach in 1922, demonstrated that directional quantization of atoms occurs in a magnetic field. By evaporating silver in a vacuum and passing an atomic beam through a slit, and applying an inhomogeneous magnetic field perpendicular to the beam, it was observed that the atomic beam split into two. This is because a force acts between the magnetic moment of the atoms and the gradient of the magnetic field. In other words, in the ground state 2 S 1/2 of silver, the orbital angular momentum is 0 and the total angular momentum J is 1/2, and the component of J in the z direction (the direction of the magnetic field) is quantized to 1/2 and -1/2, indicating that the forces acting are different. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
磁場の中で原子の方向量子化が起こることを示した実験で,1922年に O.シュテルンと W.ゲルラハが共同で行なった。真空中で銀を蒸発させ,スリットを通して原子線をつくり,これに垂直な方向に不均一な磁場をかけると,原子線が 2本に分かれることが観察される。これは,原子の磁気モーメントと磁場の勾配の間に力が働くためである。つまり,銀の基底状態 2S1/2 では軌道角運動量が 0で全角運動量 J が 1/2 であり,J の z 方向 (磁場の方向) への成分が 1/2 と -1/2 に量子化されていて,働く力が違っていることを示している。
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