Clay dolls made in Fukuoka City (Hakata). What are generally called Hakata dolls are works made from clay from the Hakata area, with figures sculpted, bisque fired and then painted with mud paints. In addition to traditional forms inspired by ukiyo-e, Noh and Kabuki, there are also dolls that depict modern customs. These elegant works of art and craft are known nationwide as one of the specialties of Hakata, and are actively exported overseas. These works have been marketed as "new Hakata dolls", and before that there was a group of works that could be called "old Hakata clay dolls". It is said that the origin of Hakata dolls dates back to 1600 (Keicho 5), when the feudal lord Kuroda Nagamasa built Fukuoka Castle, and tile craftsman Masaki Soshichi made ceramic dolls as a side project and presented them to the feudal lord. During the Bunsei era (1818-1830), around the time of the 4th Soshichi, a friend of his, doll maker Nakanoko Kichibei, came up with the idea of making clay dolls using the techniques of Soshichi pottery, and became the origin of modern Hakata dolls. From the mid- to late Meiji era, ornamental dolls became mainstream. As overseas markets were developed, they evolved beyond the realm of local toys. Old Hakata clay dolls, which have a tradition from the Edo period, are currently made in Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, by Nakanoko Kichibei's successor. One representative piece is "Sasano Saizō." The statue depicts a brave young man holding a monkey and a sacred wand, and is said to ward off smallpox in children, based on the story of how Saizō made a full recovery from smallpox. Other examples include the Tai-daki (sea bream-holding) doll, clay flutes, clay bells, and seasonal dolls. [Ryosuke Saito] [Reference] |The photo is of Himiko. Fukuoka Prefecture © Fukuoka City "> Hakata Dolls Fukuoka Prefecture © Fukuoka City "> Hakata doll painting Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
福岡市(博多)産の土人形。一般に博多人形とよばれているものは、博多近郊の粘土を材料とし、人物を彫塑(ちょうそ)して素焼にしたものを泥絵の具などで着色して仕上げた作品である。浮世絵、能、歌舞伎(かぶき)などから取材した伝統的な造型のほか、現代風俗を扱ったものもある。優雅な美術工芸品で、博多名物の一つとして全国的に知られ、海外にも盛んに輸出されている。これらの作品は「新博多人形」として売り出されてきたもので、それ以前には「古博多土人形」ともいうべき作品群が存在した。 その発生は1600年(慶長5)藩主黒田長政(ながまさ)の福岡築城の際に、瓦(かわら)職人正木宗七が、余技に陶製人形をつくって藩公に献上したのがおこりとされている。文政(ぶんせい)年間(1818~30)4代宗七のころ、親交のあった人形師中ノ子吉兵衛(なかのこきちべい)が、宗七焼きの技法を生かして土人形製作を創案、いまの博多人形の始祖となった。明治中期から末期には鑑賞用の飾り人形が主流となった。海外市場も開発されて、郷土玩具(がんぐ)の域を脱した存在に発展した。江戸時代の伝統をもつ古博多土人形は、中ノ子吉兵衛の後継者によって現在同県春日(かすが)市でつくられている。代表的な作品に「笹野(ささの)才蔵」がある。若衆姿の剛勇の士が御幣を持った猿を抱いた姿で、才蔵が痘児(とうじ)を全快させた故事から、これを子供の疱瘡除(ほうそうよ)けとする風習がある。ほかに、鯛(たい)抱き、土笛、土鈴、節供人形などがある。 [斎藤良輔] [参照項目] |写真は卑弥呼。福岡県©福岡市"> 博多人形 福岡県©福岡市"> 博多人形の絵付け 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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