Stern, Otto

Japanese: シュテルン（英語表記）Stern， Otto

Born: February 17, 1888. Zorau
[Died] August 17, 1969. American physicist of German descent, born in Berkeley, California. Studied at the University of Breslau, and later worked under A. Einstein for two years. Lecturer at the University of Frankfurt (1914), professor of physical chemistry at the University of Hamburg (23). In 1933, he was pursued by the Nazi regime and went to the United States, where he became professor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. He retired in 1945. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He initially studied statistical thermodynamics, but after 1919 he moved to experimental research on molecular beams. In collaboration with W. Gerlach, he confirmed that molecular (atomic) beams passing through a magnetic field are separated into specific directions due to directional quantization of atoms (the Stern-Gerlach experiment) (22), and further determined the magnetic moment of the proton (33). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943.

Stern
Stern, William Louis

Born: April 29, 1871, Berlin
[Died] March 27, 1938. Durham, North Carolina. German psychologist. He served as professor at the universities of Breslau (now Wrocław) and Hamburg, and fled to the United States to escape Nazi oppression. Professor at Duke University. His research began with perception research, and his field was broad, including personality, development, and difference psychology, as well as educational psychology. In particular, in his later years, he viewed people as unified, goal-seeking beings, and advocated personalist psychology. His major works are Person und Sache (Man and Things) (3 volumes, 1906-24) and Allgemeine Psychologie auf personalistischer Grundlage (35).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1888.2.17. ゾラウ
[没]1969.8.17. カリフォルニア，バークリー
ドイツ系のアメリカの物理学者。ブレスラウ大学に学び，のち2年間 A.アインシュタインのもとで働く。フランクフルト大学講師 (1914) ，ハンブルク大学物理化学教授 (23) 。 1933年ナチス政権に追われてアメリカに渡り，カーネギー工科大学教授。 45年に退官。アメリカ科学アカデミー会員。初め統計熱力学を研究していたが，1919年以後実験的研究に移り分子線を扱った。 W.ゲルラハとの共同で，磁場を通過する分子 (原子) 線が原子の方向量子化により特定方向に分離すること (シュテルン＝ゲルラハの実験 ) を確認 (22) ，さらに陽子の磁気モーメントを決定した (33) 。 43年ノーベル物理学賞受賞。

シュテルン
Stern， William Louis

[生]1871.4.29. ベルリン
[没]1938.3.27. ノースカロライナ，ダラム
ドイツの心理学者。ブレスラウ (現ウロツワフ) ，ハンブルク大学教授を歴任，ナチスの圧迫を逃れて渡米。デューク大学教授。知覚研究から出発し，個性，発達，差異心理学，さらに教育心理学と，その領域は広範。特に後期には，人を統一的，目的追求的存在としてとらえ，人格主義的心理学を主張。主著『人と事物』 Person und Sache (3巻，1906～24) ，『人格の基盤についての一般心理学』 Allgemeine Psychologie auf personalistischer Grundlage (35) 。

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