Breeding stock - shuchiku

Japanese: 種畜 - しゅちく
Breeding stock - shuchiku

This refers to livestock raised for breeding purposes with the aim of improving and multiplying the breed. Requirements for breeding stock include excellent ability, a body type that clearly shows the characteristics of the breed, and a good bloodline that inherits these abilities and body types. Currently, with the spread of artificial insemination, especially frozen semen, the influence of a single breeding male is relatively large, so careful selection of breeding stock is required and a project to produce breeding males with tested abilities is underway. In addition, male cattle and horses and boars used for artificial insemination must undergo breeding stock inspections and be issued with a breeding stock certificate. The ages used for breeding as breeding stock are about 1.5 to 15 years for cattle, 3 to 23 years for horses, 1 to 13 years for pigs, and 1 to 8 years for sheep and goats.

A breeding farm is a facility that produces high-quality breeding stock and breeding chickens and rears or distributes them to improve and multiply livestock and poultry. In Japan, most are government-owned, with few privately owned. As of 2001, 11 farms are appropriately distributed throughout the country under the National Livestock Breeding Center, an independent administrative institution. Each farm has major livestock species such as dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, chickens, lambs, goats, and rabbits, and produces and distributes these high-quality breeding stock, distributes semen and eggs for artificial insemination, and manages seed fields for feed crops and distributes seeds. Farms that share the same main livestock also share functions in an organized manner to respond to the expansion of breeding scale worldwide and strive to produce performance-tested breeding stock.

Each prefecture has also established livestock research stations, pig farming research stations, and poultry research stations, which, like the livestock improvement centers and breeding stock farms, are working to improve and popularize livestock on a prefecture-by-prefecture basis. These research stations are also actively involved in the creation of cloned livestock with superior genes.

[Nishida Tomoko]

[Reference items] | Breeding | Livestock | Breeding

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

品種の改良および増殖を目的にして飼養されている繁殖用の家畜をさす。種畜の条件として、優れた能力、品種の特徴をはっきり示す体型、これらの能力と体型を遺伝するよい血統などが求められる。現在、人工授精法、とくに凍結精液の普及によって、1頭の種雄畜の影響が相対的に大きくなっているので、種畜の選抜には慎重さを要し、能力検定済みの種雄畜の作出事業が進められている。これとは別に、ウシ、ウマの雄および人工授精に供用する雄ブタは、種畜検査を受け種畜証明書の交付を受ける必要がある。種畜として繁殖に用いられる年齢は、ウシ1.5~15歳、ウマ3~23歳、ブタ1~13歳、ヒツジ、ヤギ1~8歳ぐらいである。

 優良な種畜と種鶏を生産し、これを繋養(けいよう)あるいは配布して家畜と家禽(かきん)の改良増殖を図る施設として種畜牧場がある。日本では官有が多く、民有は少ない。2001年(平成13)現在、独立行政法人家畜改良センターのもとで11の牧場が全国に適正配置されている。各牧場は乳用牛、肉用牛、ブタ、ニワトリ、メンヨウ、ヤギ、ウサギなど主要家畜種をもち、それら優良種畜の生産と配布、人工授精用精液や種卵の配布、飼料作物の原種圃(ほ)の経営と種子の配布を行っている。また共通の主要家畜をもつ牧場が組織的に機能分担して、世界的な育種規模の拡大に対応し、能力検定済み種畜の作出に努めている。

 各都道府県にも、畜産試験場あるいは養豚試験場、養鶏試験場が設置され、これらは家畜改良センターおよび種畜牧場と同じように都道府県単位に家畜の改良と普及に努めている。これらの試験場は、優良遺伝子をもったクローン家畜の作出にも積極的に関与している。

[西田恂子]

[参照項目] | 育種 | 家畜 | 繁殖

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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