The capital of Zachodniopomerian Voivodeship in northwest Poland. Population 415,576 (2001). A port city developed on the left bank of the Odra River estuary, it is an important port in Poland. Its German name is Stettin. It is close to the German border, 130 km southwest of Berlin, and was Berlin's outer port until before World War II. It has excellent port facilities such as wharves, but it is difficult for large ocean-going ships to enter the port because they must pass through shallow lakes, Lake Szczecin and Lake Dombiec, before entering the Baltic Sea. It is Poland's second largest port in terms of cargo handling volume, almost equal to Gdańsk, and its largest export is coal and coke from the Silesia region, while its largest import is iron ore. It provides parts of its ports to the landlocked countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia under international agreements. Its industries are shipbuilding, followed by machinery, chemicals, metal processing, fishery processing, paper, and cement. Founded as a Slavic settlement in the 7th and 8th centuries, it became the largest city in the Pomeranian region in 1124. It prospered after joining the Hanseatic League in 1278, but from the 15th century onwards, as Germans gradually advanced eastwards, colonisation progressed and it gradually came under Prussian influence. Later, Denmark, Sweden, Brandenburg and Prussia competed for possession of it. In the 18th century, a canal was opened linking the Odra River and the Elbe River, and it prospered with the vast Central Europe as its hinterland. After World War II, it was incorporated into Poland under the Potsdam Agreement. [Shigeru Yamamoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ポーランド北西部、ザホドニオポモジェ県の県都。人口41万5576(2001)。オドラ(オーデル)川河口左岸に発達する港湾都市で、ポーランドの重要港。ドイツ名シュテッティンStettin。ドイツ国境に近く、ベルリンは南西130キロメートルにあって、第二次世界大戦前まではベルリンの外港であった。埠頭(ふとう)など港湾施設は優れているが、シュチェチン湖、ドンビエ湖という水深の浅い湖を経てバルト海へ出るため、大型外洋船の入港に困難がある。貨物取扱量でグダニスクとほぼ並ぶポーランド第二の要港で、シロンスク地方の石炭とコークスを最大の輸出品とし、最大の輸入品は鉄鉱石である。内陸国のチェコ、スロバキアに国際協定によって港湾の一部を提供している。工業は造船業を筆頭に機械工業、化学工業、金属加工、水産加工、製紙、セメント工業が重要である。 7~8世紀にスラブ人集落として開かれ、1124年にはポモジェ(ポメラニア)地方最大の都市となった。1278年にハンザ同盟に加入して繁栄したが、15世紀以降はドイツ人の東への漸進とともに植民化が進み、しだいにプロシアの影響を受けるようになった。のちにデンマーク、スウェーデン、ブランデンブルク、プロシアが領有を争った。18世紀にはオドラ川とエルベ川を結ぶ運河が開通し、広い中部ヨーロッパを後背地として繁栄した。第二次世界大戦後ポツダム協定によってポーランドへ編入された。 [山本 茂] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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