Born: May 9, 1927 in Bochum [Died] 2019.2.6. Physical chemist in Göttingen, Germany. Born into a musician's family, he studied physics and chemistry at the University of Göttingen in 1951 and obtained his doctorate. After serving as a lecturer at the same university from 1951 to 1953, he joined the Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry in Göttingen (→Max Planck Institute), where he became its director in 1964. In 1971, he merged the physical chemistry and spectroscopy departments to form the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, and served as its director until his retirement in 1995. He is known for his research on solutions of strong electrolytes, statistical mechanics of interactions between hydrated ions, heat conduction and specific heat of associating solvents, and the mechanism of proton transfer between associating molecules. In 1967, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (→Nobel Prize) along with Ronald Norrish and George Porter for his research on ultrafast chemical reactions caused by equilibrium disturbance using short energy pulses. He later applied this technique to reactions in biological systems. He received many other awards, including the Bodenstein Prize in 1956, the Otto Hahn Prize in 1962, and the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstätter Prize in 1992. He was also awarded 15 honorary doctorates and served as a member of many academies both in Japan and abroad, including the National Academy of Sciences. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1927.5.9. ボーフム [没]2019.2.6. ゲッティンゲン ドイツの物理化学者。音楽家の子として生まれ,1951年ゲッティンゲン大学で物理学,化学を学び博士号を取得。1951~53年同大学講師を経て,ゲッティンゲンのマックス・プランク物理化学研究所(→マックス・プランク研究所)に入所。1964年同所長。1971年,物理化学部門と分光学部門を合併しマックス・プランク生物物理化学研究所を設立すると,1995年の引退まで所長を務めた。強電解質物質の溶液の研究,水和イオンの相互作用に関する統計力学,会合性溶媒の熱伝導と比熱,会合分子間の陽子移動の機構の研究などで知られる。1967年,短時間エネルギーパルスでの均衡擾乱による超高速化学反応の研究で,ロナルド・ノリッシュ,ジョージ・ポーターとともにノーベル化学賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。のちに,この手法を生体系の反応にも応用した。そのほか,1956年ボーデンシュタイン賞,1962年オットー・ハーン賞,1992年パウル・エールリヒ・アンド・ルートビヒ・ダルムシュテッター賞など受賞多数。また,15の名誉博士号を授けられ,アメリカ科学アカデミーなど国内外の数多くのアカデミー会員を務めた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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