(1) specia This is a concept proposed by Kinji Imanishi in The Logic of Biological Society (1949), which states that "from the standpoint of biosociology, the ultimate social unit that constitutes biological nature is considered to be the society of a species." In other words, a species is not simply a collection of similar individuals, but is seen as an entity with an ecological structure in which the individuals have relationships with each other and live a life unique to that species. Habitat segregation is seen as a complementary distribution of closely related species that live in roughly the same habitat but differ in certain respects. For example, the case in which several species of mayfly larvae live in different habitats depending on the flow speed of a river is an example that forms the basis of Imanishi's argument. (2) synusia When a group of animals, which is a collection of the same species, forms a unity due to the mutual relationships between individuals, this can be called the species society (species society) of that animal. The organization of these mutual relationships is the social structure. Hierarchy, territory, and groups are typical ways of understanding social structure. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) specia 今西錦司が『生物社会の論理』 (1949) のなかで提唱した概念であって,「生物社会学の立場で,生物的自然を構成している,究極的な社会単位を,一応種の社会と考え」るとする。すなわち種を,単に同類の個体の集合とみるのでなく,個体同士が関係をもち合い,その種に固有の生活を営んでいる,生態学的構造をもった存在としてとらえる。すみわけは,近縁の種社会であって生活の場をほぼ同じくするが,ある点で差異をもつものによる補い合い的な分布としてとらえられる。たとえば数種のタニガワカゲロウの幼虫が川の流速に応じてすみわけている場合などが,今西の立論の基礎をなす実例である。 (2) synusia 動物の同種個体群の集りである個体群において,個体間の相互関係によって一つのまとまりが生じているとき,これをその動物においての種の社会 (種社会) と呼ぶことができる。その相互関係の組織が社会構造である。順位,なわばり,群れなどは,社会構造のとらえ方の代表的なものである。
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