...A seller's monopoly is a type of monopoly that exists in a market when a single company can supply goods or services at a lower cost than multiple companies can. A natural monopoly exists in a field where there are significant economies of scale, i.e., the cost of supplying a single good or service decreases as the scale of supply increases, or where there are significant cost advantages to supplying multiple goods or services, i.e., the cost of supplying multiple goods or services at a lower cost can be achieved by a single company than by multiple specialized companies (those that supply only one good or service). [Exclusive] The term monopoly is often used to refer to a departure from a competitive market consisting of many companies, i.e., to include oligopoly. Also, since monopolies often occur on the seller's side of the market, economics has often analyzed seller's monopoly, but recently there has also been interest in buyer's monopoly. *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "seller's monopoly" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…財貨・サービスの供給において,これを複数の企業が行うよりも一つの企業が行うほうが低費用で供給できるという事情があるとき,その市場で成立する売手独占をいう。自然独占は,単一の財貨・サービスを供給する場合において,供給規模の増大に伴い供給費用が逓減するという〈規模の利益〉が著しい分野,あるいは複数の財貨・サービスを供給する場合において,その供給を複数の専業企業(一つの財貨・サービスをもっぱら供給するもの)が行うよりも一つの企業がそのすべてを供給することが低費用の供給を可能にするという,複数の財貨・サービス供給の費用上のメリットが著しい分野で成立する。… 【独占】より…多数の企業からなる競争的市場からの乖離(かいり)を指して,すなわち寡占も含め独占という語句が用いられることも多い。また,市場の売手側に独占が生じることが多いので,経済学は売手独占を分析することが多かったが,最近では買手独占にも関心がもたれている。 ※「売手独占」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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