The Balkans

Japanese: バルカン - ばるかん(英語表記)The Balkans
The Balkans
Geographically, the Balkan Peninsula is often defined as the area south of the Danube and Sava rivers. In that case, the European part of the Ottoman Empire is included, but most of Romania, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia, parts of Croatia, and Slovenia are not included. However, the Balkans are also a historical and cultural concept, and are considered to be areas historically ruled by the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, Romania and the entire former Yugoslavia have been considered to be in the Balkans. However, Slovenia, which gained independence from the former Yugoslavia, was never ruled by either empire, and cannot be defined as part of the Balkans. The Balkan countries are nine countries: Albania, Greece, Croatia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania. They are often referred to as Southeastern Europe. The modern history of the Balkans is marked by conflicts and struggles, as this region was called the powder keg of Europe. However, it is also noteworthy that there have been constant movements to overcome these conflicts and seek coexistence. The Balkan Foreign Ministers' Conference can be cited as an attempt to explore cooperative relations among the Balkan countries.

(Yoshihiro Shiba Professor, University of Tokyo / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
地理上のバルカン半島はドナウ川とサバ川以南をいうことが多い。その場合は、オスマン帝国の欧州部分は含まれても、ルーマニアの大部分、セルビアのボイボディナ自治州、クロアチアの一部とスロベニアが含まれないことになる。しかし、バルカンとは歴史的及び文化的概念でもあり、歴史的にビザンツ帝国やオスマン帝国の支配を受けた地域と考えられる。したがって、ルーマニアと旧ユーゴスラビア全土はバルカンとされてきた。もっとも、旧ユーゴから独立したスロベニアは両帝国の支配を受けたことがなく、バルカンと規定することはできない。バルカン諸国とはアルバニア、ギリシャ、クロアチア、ブルガリア、ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ、マケドニア、セルビア、モンテネグロ、ルーマニアの9カ国。南東欧と称されることが多い。バルカンの近代史は、この地域が欧州の火薬庫と呼ばれたように、対立・抗争に彩られている。しかし、こうした対立を超えて共存を求める動きが絶えず見られたことにも、注目すべきである。バルカン諸国間の協力関係模索の試みとしてバルカン外相会議を挙げることができる。

(柴宜弘 東京大学教授 / 2007年)

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