This is a system whereby a party who has entered into a transaction with a person who is in the wrong belief that the possessor of movable property without the right to dispose of the property is the right holder, acquires ownership or a pledge of the movable property (Civil Code, Articles 192-194). It is also called bona fide acquisition. For example, a person who buys a watch thinking that a person who is merely in the possession of a watch as a borrower is the owner of the watch becomes the owner of the watch. Normally, a person cannot acquire rights to an object in a transaction with a person who has no right to dispose of the object, but this system was recognized to ensure the safety of movable property transactions. However, when the object of the transaction is stolen or lost property, it is particularly necessary to protect the true owner, so the true owner can have the stolen or lost property returned free of charge by the buyer for two years. Immediate acquisition is not permitted in real estate transactions. Note that the acquirer of bills, checks, and other valuable securities is protected more strongly than in the case of movable property (Bills of Exchange Act, Article 16, Paragraph 2, Checks Act, Article 21). [Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
処分の権限のない動産の占有者を権利者であると誤信して、その者と取引をした相手方が、その動産について所有権や質権を取得する制度(民法192条~194条)。善意取得ともいう。たとえば、借り主として時計を占有しているにすぎない者を所有者だと思ってその時計を買った者は、時計の所有者になる。本来なら処分の権限のない者との取引ではその物についての権利を取得できないのだが、動産取引の安全を図るために認められた制度である。もっとも、取引の目的物が盗品や遺失物であった場合には、とくに真実の所有者を保護する必要があるため、真実の所有者は2年間は盗品・遺失物の買い主から無償で返還してもらうことができる。不動産の取引には即時取得は認められていない。なお、手形、小切手その他の有価証券については、動産の場合よりいっそう厚く取得者を保護している(手形法16条2項、小切手法21条)。 [高橋康之・野澤正充] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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