Some scholars point out the existence of the Subareans, related to the Hurrians, as a third racial element in Sumerian history. During the Early Dynastic Period, the title lugal (literally "big man") for kings appeared in Period I (Ur Archaic Texts), and another title for rulers, ensi (the etymology of which is still uncertain), appeared in Period III. Social organization became more condensed, and alliances and wars between city-states became frequent. Archaeologically, the beginning of this period is confirmed by the use of plano-convex bricks, but historically Period I (c. 2800 BC - 27th century BC) was a transitional period, the era of Kish hegemony and the alliance of Sumerian cities. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "lugal" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…なおシュメールの歴史における第3の人種要素として,フルリ人と関係のあるスバル人Subareansの存在を指摘する学者もいる。初期王朝期には王を指す称号ルガルlugal(字義は〈大きい人〉)がI期より(〈ウル古拙文書〉),支配者をさす別の称号としてのエンシensi(語源はなお不確定)がIII期に現れ,社会組織がいっそう凝縮的となるとともに,都市国家間の同盟と戦争が繰り返されることとなった。 考古学的にはこの時期の開始は底平上凸(プラノ・コンベックスplano‐convex)煉瓦の使用によって確証されるが,歴史的にはI期(前2800ころ?~前27世紀)は過渡期で,キシュの覇権とシュメール諸都市の都市同盟の時代であった。… ※「lugal」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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