A person's home may not be invaded or searched or seized without the consent of the resident. As the old English legal proverb goes, "every man's home is his castle," this has long been considered an important right in private life. Needless to say, if private places are invaded or searched, private individuals cannot live peacefully, and from the perspective of the pursuit of happiness in private life, this is always clearly stated in constitutional constitutions. The Meiji Constitution also stipulated the inviolability of the home (Article 25), but it was only an incomplete guarantee because it allowed exceptions such as reservations of law. In contrast, the current Constitution requires that a home cannot be invaded or searched without a specific warrant clearly indicating the search location, except in cases of arrest by warrant or in flagrante delicto, and a warrant is also required for the seizure of documents and belongings (Article 35), imposing strict requirements to prevent private life from being invaded by exceptional abuse of power. Currently, from the standpoint of protecting individuals' right to privacy, residence is interpreted to include not only one's own home, but also companies, schools, offices, and hotel guest rooms. [Masaaki Ikeda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
居住者の承諾なしに、その住居に侵入したり、捜索・押収してはならないということ。「各人の住居は各人の城である」とイギリスの古い法諺(ほうげん)にもあるように、このことは古くから私生活上の重要な権利とされてきた。いうまでもなく、私生活の場所に侵入、捜索がなされれば、私人は安穏な生活を送りえないわけで、私生活の幸福追求の見地から、立憲主義憲法にはかならずこのことが明記されている。明治憲法にも住居の不可侵が定められていた(25条)が、法律の留保という例外が認められていたので、不完全な保障にすぎなかった。これに対し、現行憲法は、現行犯、令状による逮捕の場合以外は、捜索場所を明示する個別の令状がなければ住居に侵入、捜索できず、書類・所持品の押収についても令状が必要とされ(35条)、例外的な権能の乱用によって私生活が侵されることのないように、厳格な要件が付された。そして現在は、個人のプライバシー権を保護するという見地から、本人の住まいだけでなく、会社、学校、事務所、旅館の客室なども住居に含まれると解釈されている。 [池田政章] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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