Eitsu Bankoku - Eitsu Bankoku

…On the other hand, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, coins were not issued during the Heicheng period, and fufu was used for exchange. However, after Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang (495), they issued their own coins, the Taihe Wuzhu, and then the Yong'an Wuzhu. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Changping Wuzhu was issued, and in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, based on the circulation of Wuzhu coins, they issued Buquan (5x Wuzhu coins), Wuxing Dabu (10x Buquan), and Yongtong Wanguo (10x Wuzhu coins). Thus, Wuzhu coins were in circulation as the basic currency during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, but the form of the coins tended to collapse. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "Yongtong Wanguo" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…一方，北魏では平城時代は貨幣を発行せず，布帛で交換が行われたが，孝文帝の洛陽遷都の後(495)，独自の貨幣，太和五銖を発行し，次いで永安五銖を発行した。北斉では常平五銖を，北周では五銖銭の流通を前提に布泉(五銖銭×5)，五行大布(布泉×10)，永通万国(五行大布×10)を発行した。このように南北朝時代にはいちおう五銖銭が基本的な貨幣として流通したが，銭文の形式は崩れる傾向にあった。…

※「永通万国」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報