Social assistance - shakaifujo (English spelling) social assistance

Japanese: 社会扶助 - しゃかいふじょ（英語表記）social assistance

The ILO's Approaches to Social Security (1942) lists social assistance and social insurance as the two technical pillars of social security. The social assistance referred to here was modeled on the Danish non-contributory pension system of 1891. This was distinct from the old poor relief laws, and was a groundbreaking system in that it did not involve the loss of civil rights, and was subject to an income test that was narrower than the means test, and all people received roughly standardized benefits equally, provided their income did not exceed a certain limit.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ILOの《社会保障への途Approaches to Social Security》(1942)は，社会保障の技術面での二つの柱として，社会扶助と社会保険とをあげている。ここでいう社会扶助とは，1891年のデンマーク無拠出年金制度に範をとっている。これは旧来の救貧関係法とは区別され，市(公)民権の喪失をともなわず，資力調査means testより狭い所得調査income test等を要件として，所得が一定限度を上回らないかぎり，すべての者が等しくほぼ定形の給付を受ける，という画期的なものであった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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