March Incident

Japanese: 三月事件 - さんがつじけん
March Incident

This was an attempted coup d'état planned within the army. In February 1931, Provisional Prime Minister Shidehara Kijuro tried to silence criticism in a House of Representatives response by using the fact that the Emperor had approved the London Naval Treaty as a shield. This so-called gaffe caused confusion in the Diet. With this as a backdrop, the Sakurakai staff officers, led by Hashimoto Kingoro (chief of the Russia section of the General Staff), with the cooperation of right-wing civilian Okawa Shumei and the approval of the military leadership, planned to establish a military government headed by Army Minister Ugaki Kazushige, aiming to promote the reform of the nation. It is said that Sugiyama Hajime (Vice Minister of the Army), Ninomiya Harushige (Vice Chief of Staff), Koiso Kuniaki (Director of the Military Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of the Army), and Tatekawa Yoshitsugu (Chief of the Second Department of the General Staff) supported the plan, and Tokugawa Yoshichika (member of the House of Peers) provided funding. The plan was for Okawa to contact the Proletarian Party and mobilize 10,000 people to demonstrate against the Diet around March 20, and for the military to surround the Diet under the pretext of protecting it, forcing the Minseito Cabinet to resign en masse and installing the Ugaki Cabinet. The plan was thwarted when Ugaki later refused to participate, and the incident was buried in obscurity, but it served as a catalyst for the radical fascist movement and led to the occurrence of similar incidents.

[Katsumi Enomoto]

"Colonel Hashimoto's Memoirs" by Masao Nakano (1963, Misuzu Shobo) " "Modern History Materials 4: Nationalist Movement 1" edited by Seiichi Imai et al. (1963, Misuzu Shobo) "History on Judgment" by Takayoshi Tanaka (1948, Shinpusha)

[Reference] | Sakura Party | October Incident

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陸軍内部で企図され、未遂に終わったクーデター事件。1931年(昭和6)2月幣原喜重郎(しではらきじゅうろう)臨時首相代理は衆議院の答弁で、ロンドン海軍軍縮条約を天皇が承認したことを盾に批判を封じようとした。このいわゆる失言問題で議会は混乱した。それを背景に、橋本欣五郎(きんごろう)(参謀本部ロシア班長)をリーダーとする桜会の幕僚将校は、民間右翼の大川周明(しゅうめい)の協力と軍首脳部の賛同を得て、陸相宇垣一成(うがきかずしげ)を首班とする軍部政府樹立を計画、国家改造の推進を目ざした。杉山元(はじめ)(陸軍次官)、二宮治重(にのみやはるしげ)(参謀次長)、小磯国昭(こいそくにあき)(陸軍省軍務局長)、建川美次(たてかわよしつぐ)(参謀本部第二部長)らがこの計画に賛成したといわれ、資金は徳川義親(よしちか)(貴族院議員)が援助した。計画は、大川が無産政党と連絡して3月20日ごろを期して民衆1万人動員による対議会デモを実行、軍隊が議会保護の名目で議会を包囲し、民政党内閣を総辞職させ、宇垣内閣を実現させるというものであった。宇垣がのちになって参加を拒否したため計画は挫折(ざせつ)し、事件は闇(やみ)のなかに葬られたが、それは急進ファシズム運動の呼び水になり、同種の事件が頻発する契機をなした。

[榎本勝巳]

『中野雅夫著『橋本大佐の手記』(1963・みすず書房)』『今井清一他編『現代史資料4 国家主義運動1』(1963・みすず書房)』『田中隆吉著『裁かれる歴史』(1948・新風社)』

[参照項目] | 桜会 | 十月事件

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Oxidative phosphorylation (oxidative phosphorylation)

>>:  March Revolution - Santsukumei

Recommend

Dissecting aneurysm of aorta

Aortic aneurysm is a disease in which the tunica m...

Brenthis daphne (English spelling)

...In the narrow sense, it refers to one of these...

Muscardine

This disease of insects is so named because the co...

Urabure - Urabure

...If an exile committed a bad act, he or she wou...

Blood picture

In a broad sense, it refers to the total number, s...

Cihai - Next time

A Chinese dictionary. Edited by Shu Xincheng, Shen...

Urvaśī (English spelling)

The name of a famous celestial maiden (→ apsaras) ...

Ushi-oni

〘Noun〙① A monster in the shape of a cow. It mainly...

Pardon power - onsha taiken

...Supreme Command), (7) Prerogative of Military ...

Musei Lateranensi (English spelling)

…(3) Egyptian and Etruscan Museums Musei Gregoria...

diopter

The amount of refractive power of a lens. It is ex...

Gieseking

German pianist. One of the most representative pia...

Remainder theorem

If the remainder when a polynomial P ( x ) in x is...

Coining

...Pots and kettles are made by a method called s...

《Enoken's Chakkiri Kinta》 - Enoken's Chakkiri Kinta

...After many twists and turns, the group formed ...