A philosophy that was born in the United States at the end of the 19th century and has influenced modern American philosophy. Its origins lie in the Greek word "pragma," meaning "action" or "execution." In contrast to modern philosophy, which places emphasis on reflection and thinking, this way of thinking emphasizes that reflection and thinking must be linked to action. Peirce, the founder of pragmatism, said that the meaning of ideas cannot be considered apart from action. William James, who popularized the name of pragmatism, based the basis of truth on the "usefulness" of life and sought the meaning of religion and science there. Influenced by the ideas of Peirce and James, Dewey established "instrumentalism," arguing that scientific knowledge and knowledge of morality are tools for humans to solve problems. Rorty, a leading contemporary American philosopher, is attempting to link this tradition of pragmatism with postmodern criticism of the one truth. (Nobuaki Ishikawa, Lecturer at Kyoto Seika University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
19世紀末に米国で生まれ、現代のアメリカ哲学にも影響を与えている思想。語源は「行為」や「実行」を意味するギリシャ語の「プラグマ」にある。この考え方は、反省や思考を重視する近代哲学に対して、その反省や思考が行為と結びつかねばならないことを強調する。プラグマティズムの創始者であるパースは、観念の意味は行為を抜きにしては考えられないとした。プラグマティズムの名を世に広めたウィリアム・ジェームズは、真理の基礎を生の「有用性」に置き、宗教や科学の意義をそこに求めた。デューイは、パースやジェームズの思想の影響のもと、科学的知識や道徳に関する知識は人間が問題を解決するための道具であるとし、「道具主義」を確立した。現代米国の有力な哲学者であるローティは、こうしたプラグマティズムの伝統とポストモダン的な唯一の真理への批判とを結びつける試みを行っている。
(石川伸晃 京都精華大学講師 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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