Amateur baseball - Shakaijin yakyu

Japanese: 社会人野球 - しゃかいじんやきゅう
Amateur baseball - Shakaijin yakyu

Baseball is played by non-student teams, such as companies, government agencies, banks, and club teams. The first baseball team in Japan was the Shimbashi Athletic Club, a club team for working adults organized by railroad workers at Shimbashi Station in 1878 (Meiji 11). This was six years after baseball was introduced to Japan. This was the catalyst for many working club teams to be created and dominate, but student teams soon emerged and became mainstream, and working baseball continued only as a hobby for people with similar interests. It was during the Taisho era that working baseball as we see it today became truly working baseball. After World War I, Japan was blessed with a booming economy, and companies began to actively create baseball teams, and club teams also emerged, leading to the holding of various baseball tournaments. In this climate, the Intercity Baseball Tournament was born in 1927 (Showa 2).

In 1948 (Showa 23), after the Second World War, the American Baseball Association (NBC) in the United States recognized the winning team of the Intercity Baseball Tournament as the holder of the Japanese Championship and allowed them to participate in international tournaments. This led to a rapid increase in momentum for the formation of a national unified organization for amateur baseball, and in February 1949, the Japan Amateur Baseball Association was born, which joined the NBC at the same time and achieved participation in the World Baseball Championship. Japan participated in the All-Japan Team, which was mainly made up of the winning team of the Intercity Baseball Tournament. In the first tournament (1955), Kanebo came in 5th, in the second tournament (1956), Nippon Oil came in 3rd, and in the third tournament (1957), Kumagai Gumi won. This world tournament was later canceled due to financial problems, but the All-Japan team, made up of amateurs, participated in various international tournaments, including the Asian Baseball Championship, deepening exchanges with overseas countries, and in 1972, it participated for the first time in the 20th World Amateur Baseball Championship (now the World Cup) held in Nicaragua, coming in 3rd place. Meanwhile, within Japan, the Japan Amateur Baseball Championship was founded in 1974. It was formed by gradually dissolving the Japan Industrial Baseball Tournament, which had been held since 1951, and, unlike the Intercity Baseball Tournament, it is a tournament in which a single team competes to be the best amateur team in Japan. Furthermore, in 1976, in response to the demand of the rapidly increasing number of club teams, the All-Japan Club Baseball Championship was created.

In 1978, the International Amateur Baseball Association (AINBA, renamed the International Baseball Federation, or IBA, in 1985) was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the governing body of baseball, making baseball's participation in the Olympics a concrete reality. As a result, the Japan Amateur Baseball Association revised some of its rules in 1984 and changed its name to the Japan Baseball Federation in order to join the Japan Amateur Sports Association (now the Japan Sports Association) and the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC), which are conditions for Olympic participation. In 1987, it was recognized as a member of the Japan Amateur Sports Association, and in 1990 (Heisei 2), it became a foundation. As a result, the Japan Amateur Baseball Federation expanded its scope of activities, which had previously been limited to amateur baseball, to the entire amateur baseball world, from children to adults, and is now operating as a new competitive organization, although its members are mainly working adults.

Japan's Olympic achievements are a gold medal at the Los Angeles Games (1984), where it was an exhibition event, and a silver medal at the Seoul Games (1988). At the Barcelona Games (1992), where baseball became an official event, Japan won a bronze medal, and at the Atlanta Games (1996), where baseball became an official event, Japan came in fourth place at the Sydney Games (2000), where professional baseball players were allowed to participate.

[Japan Baseball Association]

[Reference] | Intercity Baseball Tournament | Baseball

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

会社、官庁、銀行、クラブのチームなど学生以外の野球。日本最初の野球チームは1878年(明治11)新橋駅の鉄道関係者で編成された社会人のクラブチーム「新橋アスレチック倶楽部(くらぶ)」である。日本に野球が伝えられて6年後のことであった。これを機に続々と社会人によるクラブチームがつくられ優位を占めたが、やがて学生チームが出てきて主流となり、社会人野球は同好の士による趣味の野球としてのみ存続した。今日みられるような真の意味での社会人野球となったのは大正年間である。第一次世界大戦後、日本が好景気に恵まれたことから各会社が積極的に野球チームをもつようになり、また、クラブチームも台頭して各種の野球大会が次々と催された。このような風潮のなか、1927年(昭和2)に誕生したのが都市対抗野球大会である。

 第二次世界大戦後の1948年(昭和23)、アメリカにあったアメリカ野球協会(NBC)が「都市対抗野球の優勝チームを日本選手権保持者と認め、国際大会に出場できる」としたことから、社会人野球の全国統一組織の結成気運が急速に高まり、1949年2月、日本社会人野球協会が誕生、同時にNBCに加盟して世界野球大会への出場が実現した。日本は都市対抗野球の優勝チームを主体とした全日本チームで参加、第1回(1955)は全鐘紡(かねぼう)が5位、第2回(1956)は日本石油が3位、第3回(1957)は熊谷(くまがい)組が優勝した。この世界大会は財政上の問題で以後中止されたが、社会人による全日本チームはアジア野球選手権大会をはじめ、各種の国際大会に出場して海外との交流を深め、1972年にはニカラグアで開催された第20回世界アマチュア野球選手権大会(現、ワールドカップ)に初参加し、3位となった。一方、国内でも、1974年に社会人野球日本選手権大会が創設された。1951年から行われていた日本産業対抗野球大会を発展的解消してできたもので、都市対抗野球とは違い、単一チームによる社会人日本一を争う大会である。さらに1976年には、急増してきたクラブチームの要望に応えて全日本クラブ野球選手権大会が誕生している。

 1978年、国際アマチュア野球連盟(AINBA、1985年に国際野球連盟=IBAに改称)が国際オリンピック委員会(IOC)に野球統括機構と認められ、野球競技のオリンピック参加が具体的なものとなった。このため日本社会人野球協会は、オリンピック参加の条件である日本体育協会(現、日本スポーツ協会)と日本オリンピック委員会(JOC)への加盟のため、1984年に規約の一部を改正して日本野球連盟と改称、1987年には日本体育協会加盟を認められ、1990年(平成2)に財団法人となった。これによって日本野球連盟は、社会人野球に限定してきた活動領域を子供から大人までのアマチュア野球界全体に広げ、新たな競技団体として活動しているが、主体となっているのは社会人の会員である。

 オリンピックにおける日本の成績は、公開競技であったロサンゼルス大会(1984)が金メダル、ソウル大会(1988)は銀。正式種目となったバルセロナ大会(1992)は銅、アトランタ大会(1996)では銀。プロ野球選手の参加が認められたシドニー大会(2000)は4位。

[日本野球連盟]

[参照項目] | 都市対抗野球 | 野球

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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