Tinplate - Tinplate (English spelling)

Japanese: ブリキ - ぶりき(英語表記)tin plate 英語
Tinplate - Tinplate (English spelling)

A thin steel plate plated with tin. The kanji characters used are "錻力" (錻力) and "鉄葉" (铁). The history of tin is very old, with a copper-tin alloy (bronze) being made around 4000 BC, and ironware being plated with tin in 25 AD. It is said that tin plating began to develop as a modern technology in the 13th century in the Bohemia region. The reason it has been used since ancient times is that tin has a low melting point, so it is easy to produce a beautiful, glossy plating using the melting method described below, and it also compensates for iron's weakness of being corrosive.

Tin plating is broadly divided into hot-dip and electroplating. The melting point of tin is low at 231.9°C, so hot-dip plating was used exclusively in the early days, but today electroplating is used almost exclusively, except for special cases such as cans with acidic contents that require thick plating. This is because it is easy to produce a thin, uniform plating that is less than half the thickness of hot-dip plating, and advances in synthetic resin paints have made it possible to fully compensate for the reduced corrosion resistance caused by the thin tin layer. Very mild steel thin sheets are used as the base sheet. Cold-rolled sheets are alkaline washed and pickled, and bright annealed at 600-700°C. After temper rolling by a few percent, they are washed and pickled again and placed in the plating bath. Sodium stannate, caustic soda solution, tin phenolsulfonate, etc. are used as the plating solution. After plating, the sheet passes through an oxidizing solution such as chromic acid to form a thin, dense tin oxide film, and then is oiled and rolled up. Tinplate is inherently easy to draw due to the lubricating properties of tin itself and the presence of an oil film, but for more severe processing, base plate that has been thoroughly annealed in advance is used. To further reduce the amount of tin used, tin-free steel sheets with an extremely thin chrome plating on the surface of cold-rolled steel sheets are produced under names such as Can Super and are used for food and beverage containers. To supplement this corrosion resistance, a synthetic resin coating is applied after the can is made. This has inferior solderability compared to tinplate. Tin-lead alloy plating improves solderability.

[Hajime Sudo]

[Reference] | Tin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スズをめっきした薄鉄板。「錻力」「鉄葉」の当て字が用いられた。スズの歴史は非常に古く、紀元前4000年ごろに銅‐スズ合金(青銅)がつくられ、紀元後25年に鉄器にスズめっきが施されていた。スズめっきが近代技術として発達を始めたのは13世紀のボヘミア地方においてであるといわれる。古くから使われてきた理由は、スズの融点が低いために後述の溶融法で容易に美しい光沢のめっきが可能であり、そのうえ鉄の弱点である腐食性を補うことができるからである。

 スズめっき法は溶融法と電気めっき法とに大別される。スズの融点は231.9℃と低く、初期においてはもっぱら溶融法が行われたが、今日では厚めっきが要求される酸性内容物の缶など特別な場合を除き、ほとんど電気めっき法で行われている。その理由は、溶融めっき法の2分の1以下の薄く均一なめっきが容易にでき、スズ層の薄さによる耐食性の低下を合成樹脂塗料の進歩で十分補えるようになったためである。原板としては極(ごく)軟鋼薄板が用いられる。冷間圧延板はアルカリ洗浄と酸洗いされ、600~700℃で光輝焼きなましされる。数%の調質圧延を行ってからふたたび洗浄と酸洗いを行い、めっき浴に入れる。めっき液にはスズ酸ソーダ、カ性ソーダ液やフェノールスルホン酸スズなどを用いる。めっきを終了した板はクロム酸など酸化性溶液をくぐり、薄く緻密(ちみつ)なスズ酸化膜を形成し、その後塗油されて巻き取られる。ブリキは元来スズ自体の潤滑性と油膜の存在により絞り加工が容易であるが、厳しい加工を施す場合ほどあらかじめよく焼きなまされた原板が使用される。スズの使用量をさらに節約するために、冷延鋼板の表面にきわめて薄いクロムめっきを施した無スズ鉄板がキャンスーパーなどの名称で生産され、食品や飲料の容器に利用されている。この耐食性を補う意味をも兼ねて、缶になってのちに合成樹脂塗装を施される。これはブリキに比べて、はんだ付け性が劣る。スズ‐鉛合金めっきにより、はんだ付け性が向上する。

[須藤 一]

[参照項目] | スズ

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