The highest order of the United Kingdom. It is awarded to those who have made great contributions to the nation, members of the royal family, nobles, and foreign heads of state. It is customary for the award to be returned when the recipient dies. Originally, it signified becoming a member of the Knights of the Garter, which was founded in 1348 by King Edward III of England, who was fighting in the Hundred Years' War with France, in order to practice the spirit of chivalry. Therefore, the order is the clothing and accessories of the knights, and includes a garter worn on the left leg below the knee, a cloak, a collar , a star, and a grand sash. The garter is a stocking clip, but according to a popular legend, when a lady who was dancing with Edward III at a ball dropped her garter, Edward III picked it up, said "Honi soit qui mal y pense (Woe to those who have evil thoughts)" to the people who were sniggering, and put it on his own leg. The word is sewn on the Garter in gold thread. In principle, Christian monarchs are the ones who bestow the decoration on foreigners, but in Japan, the award was given to Emperor Meiji because of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and it was subsequently given to the Taisho and Showa emperors. The current Emperor Kinjo was also presented with the award during his visit to the UK in 1998 ( Heisei 10). ◇In English, it is called the Garter. Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of Medals and Awards |
イギリスの最高勲章。国家に多大な功績のあった人、王族・貴族、外国元首に贈られる。受章者が死亡すると、返還する決まりである。もともとは、フランスと百年戦争を戦っていたイングランド国王エドワード3世が、騎士道精神を実践するために、1348年に創設したガーター騎士団(Knights of the Garter)の一員になることを意味した。したがって、勲章は騎士団の服装・装身具となっており、左脚の膝下(ひざした)につけるガーター、マント、頸飾(くびかざり)、星章などに大綬章が加わる。ガーターは靴下留めであるが、俗説によれば、舞踏会でエドワード3世とダンスを踊っていた貴婦人がガーターを落としたとき、それを拾い上げたエドワード3世が、忍び笑いをしている者たちに“Honi soit qui mal y pense(思い邪なる者に災いあれ)”という言葉を投げかけ、自分の脚につけたことに由来する。贈られるガーターには、その語が金糸で縫いつけられている。外国人への叙勲は、キリスト教徒の君主が原則となっているが、日本には日英同盟の関係で明治天皇に贈られ、以後、大正、昭和の各天皇にも贈られた。今上(きんじょう)天皇も1998年(平成10)のイギリス訪問時に贈られている。◇英語でthe Garter。
出典 講談社勲章・褒章がわかる事典について 情報 |
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