The East India Company is a general term for companies established by countries such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France from the early 17th century to the 19th century for the purpose of trade between India, Indochina, Southeast Asia, and Europe, and colonial management. The British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company are particularly important. The former was established by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 for the purpose of trade with India and Southeast Asia. With its trade monopoly and powerful military force, it seized territorial rights from indigenous powers after battles such as the Battle of Plassey. By the end of the 18th century, under the Viceroy of India, it had developed into the main colonial power over all of India, with Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras as its bases. However, on the other hand, it was attacked by the emerging capitalists in the mother country, and in the 19th century, with the rise of free trade theory, it began to decline in trade. Then, triggered by the Indian Mutiny, it was dissolved in 1858, handing over the sovereignty of India to Queen Victoria. → Related topics Asia | Opium trade | Amherst | Yemen | British trading post | Indian Empire | Calcutta | Clive | Gurkha wars | Bombay | Mysore wars | Madras | Malcolm | Mann | South Asia | Rayyatwali system Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
東インド会社は,17世紀初頭―19世紀にインド,インドシナ,東南アジアとヨーロッパ間の貿易や植民地経営を目的として,英国,オランダ,フランスなどの各国が設立した会社の総称。ことにイギリス東インド会社とオランダ東インド会社が重要。前者は1600年エリザベス1世により,インド,東南アジアとの貿易を目的に創設された。貿易独占権と強大な武力により,プラッシーの戦などを経て,土着権力から領土権を奪った。18世紀末にはインド総督の下に,カルカッタ,ボンベイ,マドラスを根拠地として,全インドにわたる植民地支配の主体となるまでに発展した。しかし反面では,本国の新興資本家層の攻撃を受け,19世紀になると自由貿易理論の高まりとともに貿易面での後退が始まる。そしてインド大反乱を契機として,1858年にはインドの統治権をビクトリア女王に献じて解散した。 →関連項目アジア|アヘン貿易|アマースト|イエメン|イギリス商館|インド帝国|カルカッタ|クライブ|グルカ戦争|ボンベイ|マイソール戦争|マドラス|マルカム|マン|南アジア|ライーヤトワーリー制度 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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