Tshombe, M.

...In the end, under the leadership of Lumumba's Congolese National Movement, a system that was formally a unitary state (and therefore centralized) was adopted, but in reality it was a pseudo-federal system that allowed a large amount of state power, and Lumumba, a centralist, became prime minister and Joseph Kasavubu (1910-69), a decentralist, became president, achieving independence with some obvious compromises. However, in early July, less than a week after independence, a military rebellion broke out in the capital and spread to the provinces. Moise Tshombe (1919-69), a decentralist, seized the opportunity to declare the independence of Katanga Province (now Shaba Province), and in September Albert Kalonji also declared the independence of Southern Kasai, heralding the start of a full-scale civil war. Belgium, the former colonial power, stationed troops in Katanga on the pretext of protecting its compatriots, and the United Nations demanded their withdrawal, and the civil war began to take on the appearance of an international conflict.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Tshombe, M." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…結局ルムンバのコンゴ国民運動の主導下に形式的には単一国家制(したがって中央集権制)をとりながら，実質的には州の権限を大幅に認めた擬似連邦制ともいうべき制度を採用し，集権派のルムンバが首相，分権派のカサブブJoseph Kasavubu(1910‐69)が大統領に就任するという，無理な妥協が目だつなかで独立を達成した。しかし独立から1週間もたたない7月上旬，首都で起こった軍隊の反乱が地方に拡大すると，その機をとらえて分権派のチョンベMoise Tshombe(1919‐69)はカタンガ州(現，シャバ州)の分離独立を宣言し，9月にはカロンジAlbert Kalonjiも南カサイの分離独立を宣言して，本格的な内乱の幕が切って落とされた。　旧宗主国ベルギーは同胞の保護を理由にカタンガ州に軍隊を進駐させ，国連はその撤退を要求して，内乱は国際紛争的様相をも呈し始めた。…

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